بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Bismi Allahi alrrahmani alrraheemi
In the name of God, the Gracious, the Compassionate.
In the name of God, the Almighty, the Merciful.
In the name of God, The Most Gracious, The Dispenser of Grace:
In the name of GOD, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. ,
All praise is due to God, the Lord/Cherisher/Sustainer of the Universe and everything therein.
Bismillâhir rahmânir rahîm.
Rahman, Rahim Allah'ın ismiyle
Rahman ve Rahim Allah'ın adıyla...
RAHMÂN, RAHÎM ALLAH ADINA
Rahman ve Rahim olan Allah'ın adıyla
37:1 Waalssaffati saffan
37:1 By the arrangers in ranks.
37:1 By the columns in formation.
37:1 CONSIDER these [messages] ranged in serried ranks,1
Note 1
Regarding the adjurative particle wa and my rendering it as "Consider", see first half of note 23 on 74:32. Most of the classical commentators assume that verses 1-3 refer to angels - an assumption which Abu Muslim al-Isfahani (as quoted by Razi) rejects, stating that the passage refers to the true believers among human beings. However, Razi advances yet another (and, to my mind, most convincing) interpretation, suggesting that what is meant here are the messages (ayat) of the Qur'an, which - in the commentator's words - "deal with various subjects, some speaking of the evidence of God's oneness or of the evidence of His omniscience, omnipotence and wisdom, and some setting forth the evidence of [the truth of] prophetic revelation or of resurrection, while some deal with man's duties and the laws [relating thereto], and yet others are devoted to the teaching of high moral principles; and these messages are arranged in accordance with a coherent system above all [need of] change or alteration, so that they resemble beings or things standing 'in serried ranks'."
37:1 The arrangers in columns.,
37:1 Those vanguards who set up ranks (in order to defend the Divine System).1
Note 1
This is 37th Surah of the Qur’an. It has 182 verses. The diversity of concepts in this Surah is remarkable. It clarifies the relationship between the life of the world and the life to come. It slates the ‘occult sciences’, clairvoyants, Diviners, soothsayers and the fortunetellers. It tells us what the great sacrifice of Prophets Abraham and Ishmael truly was, contrary to the mythical stories found outside the Qur’an. It also clarifies for us the legend of ‘Jonah and the Whale’.
With the Glorious Name of God, the Instant and Sustaining Source of all Mercy and Kindness
37:2 Faalzzajirati zajran
37:2 By the forces that repel.
37:2 By the drivers of clouds.
37:2 and restraining [from evil] by a call to restraint,
37:2 The blamers of those to be blamed.,
37:2 And those officers of the state who keep law and order.
37:3 Faalttaliyati thikran
37:3 By the memory which follows.
37:3 By the remembrance which follows.
37:3 and conveying [to all the world] a reminder:
37:3 The reciters of the messages.,
37:3 And those believers who convey the Reminder.
37:4 Inna ilahakum lawahidun
37:4 Your god is indeed One.
37:4 Your god is indeed One.
37:4 Verily, most surely, your God is One
37:4 Your god is only one.,
37:4 (Are the living witnesses that) – Most certainly, your God is One.
37:5 رب السموت والارض وما بينهما ورب المشرق
37:5 Rabbu alssamawati waal-ardiwama baynahuma warabbu almashariqi
37:5 The Lord of the heavens and the earth, and what lies between them, and Lord of the easts.
37:5 The Lord of the heavens and the earth, and what lies between them, and the Lord of the sunrises.
37:5 the Sustainer of the heavens and the earth and of all that is between them, and the Sustainer of all the points of sunrise!2
Note 2
Sc., "and of sunset" (cf. 55:17 and the corresponding note 7). The stress on the various "points of sunrise" (al-mashariq) brings out the endless variety of all created phenomena as contrasted with the oneness and uniqueness of their Creator. The mention of "the points of sunrise" and omission of "the points of sunset" in the wording (though not in the meaning) of the above phrase alludes, I believe, to the light-giving quality of the Qur'an spoken of in verses 1-3.
37:5 The Lord of the heavens and the earth, and everything between them, and Lord of the easts.,1
Note 1
Every heavenly body rises on the planet earth, and sets. Every rise is called "east."
37:5 He is the Lord of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them (the intergalactic material). And the Lord of the sunrises (and of the light-giving revelation).
37:6 انا زينا السماء الدنيا بزينة الكواكب
37:6 Inna zayyanna alssamaaalddunya bizeenatin alkawakibi
37:6 We have adorned the lowest heaven with the decoration of planets.
37:6 We have adorned the lower heaven with the decoration of planets.
37:6 Behold, We have adorned the skies nearest to the earth with the beauty of stars,
37:6 We have adorned the lowest heaven with adorning planets.,2
Note 2
We live in the innermost and smallest universe. The jinns are confined to this universe.
37:6 We have beautified the sky of the earth with ornaments of stars.
37:7 Wahifthan min kulli shaytaninmaridin
37:7 To guard against every rebellious devil.
37:7 And to guard against every rebellious devil.
37:7 and have made them secure against every rebellious, satanic force,3
37:7 We guarded it from every evil devil.,
37:7 And made them secure against every satanic force.2
Note 2
This revelation brings an end to the false claims of the diviners, fortune-tellers and astrologers. 15:16
37:8 لا يسمعون الى الملا الاعلى ويقذفون من كل جانب
37:8 La yassammaAAoona ila almala-ial-aAAla wayuqthafoona min kulli janibin
37:8 They cannot listen to the command up high; and they are bombarded from every side.
37:8 They cannot listen to the command up high; and they are bombarded from every side.
37:8 [so that] they [who seek to learn the unknowable] should not be able to overhear the host on high,4 but shall be repelled from all sides,
Note 4
I.e., the angelic forces, whose "speech" is a metonym for God's decrees.
37:8 They cannot spy on the High Society; they get bombarded from every side.,
37:8 Faraway from the truth, the claimants to ‘occult sciences’ cannot get a hint of the exalted assembly. They are cast away from every side. [15:7-8, 26:212, 38:69, 67:5, 72:8]
37:9 Duhooran walahum AAathabun wasibun
37:9 Outcasts; they will have an eternal retribution.
37:9 Outcasts; they will have an eternal retribution.
37:9 cast out [from all grace], with lasting suffering in store for them [in the life to come];
37:9 They have been condemned; they have incurred an eternal retribution.,
37:9 Outcast! And theirs is a lasting torment.
37:10 الا من خطف الخطفة فاتبعه شهاب ثاقب
37:10 Illa man khatifa alkhatfatafaatbaAAahu shihabun thaqibun
37:10 Any of them who snatches something away, he is pursued by a piercing flame.
37:10 Any of them who snatches a part, he is pursued by a piercing flame.
37:10 but if anyone5 does succeed in snatching a glimpse [of such knowledge], he is [henceforth] pursued by a piercing flame.6
Note 5
Lit., "excepting [or "except that"] anyone who ", etc. However, as pointed out by some authorities (e.g., Mughni), the particle illa is occasionally synonymous with the simple conjunction Wa, which in this case has the significance of "but".
Note 6
For the meaning of this phrase, see note 17 on 15:18. After the stress on God's oneness in verses 4-5, the passage comprising verses 6-10 points to the fact that human beings are precluded from really grasping the variety and depth of the universe created by Him. We have here an echo of 34:9 - "Are they, then, not aware of how little of the sky and the earth lies open before them, and how much is hidden from them?" - and, thus, a new, oblique approach to the theme of resurrection, which is taken up in the sequence in the form of an indirect question.
37:10 If any of them ventures to charge the outer limits, he gets struck with a fierce projectile.,
37:11 فاستفتهم اهم اشد خلقا ام من خلقنا انا خلقنهم من طين لازب
37:11 Faistaftihim ahum ashaddu khalqan amman khalaqna inna khalaqnahum min teeninlazibin
37:11 So ask them: "Are they the more powerful creation, or the others We created?" We have created them out of sticky clay.
37:11 So ask them: "Are they the more powerful creation, or the others We created?" We have created them from a clay that is sticky.
37:11 AND NOW ask those [who deny the truth] to enlighten thee: Were they more difficult to create than all those [untold marvels] that We have created? - for, behold, them have We created out of [mere] clay commingled with water!7
Note 7
I.e., out of primitive substances existing in their elementary forms in and on the earth (see surah 23, note 4) - substances which are as nothing when compared with the complexity of "the heavens and the earth and all that is between them": hence, man's individual resurrection is as nothing when compared with the creation of the multiform universe.
37:11 Ask them, "Are they more difficult to create, or the other creations?" We created them from wet mud.,
37:11 Ask them, “Are they more difficult to create, or the other beings We have created? We created the humans from hydrated clay.
37:12 Bal AAajibta wayaskharoona
37:12 While you were awed, they simply mocked.
37:12 While you were awed, they simply mocked.
37:12 Nay, but whereas thou dost marvel, they [only] scoff;8
Note 8
I.e., at God's creative power as well as at the blind arrogance of those who deny it.
37:12 While you are awed, they mock.,
37:12 While you marvel, they mock!
37:13 Wa-itha thukkiroo la yathkuroona
37:13 When they are reminded, they do not care.
37:13 And when they are reminded, they do not care.
37:13 and when they are reminded [of the truth], they refuse to take it to heart;
37:13 When reminded, they take no heed.,
37:13 They do not take to heart (the wonders of nature) when reminded.
37:14 Wa-itha raaw ayatanyastaskhiroona
37:14 When they see a sign, they make fun of it.
37:14 And when they see a sign, they make fun of it.
37:14 and when they become aware of a [divine] message, they turn it to ridicule
37:14 When they see proof, they ridicule it.,
37:14 And they turn into mockery every wonder that they see.
37:15 وقالوا ان هذا الا سحر مبين
37:15 Waqaloo in hatha illasihrun mubeenun
37:15 They said, "This is nothing but evident magic!"
37:15 And they said: "This is nothing except evident magic!"
37:15 and say: This is clearly nothing but [a mortal's] spellbinding eloquence!
37:15 They say, "This is obviously magic!,
37:15 And (of the revelation) they say, “This is nothing but magical eloquence.”
37:16 اءذا متنا وكنا ترابا وعظما اءنا لمبعوثون
37:16 A-itha mitna wakunnaturaban waAAithaman a-innalamabAAoothoona
37:16 "Can it be that after we die and become dust and bones, that we are resurrected?"
37:16 "Can it be that after we die and become dust and bones, that we are resurrected?"
37:16 Why - after we have died and become mere dust and bones, shall we, forsooth, be raised from the dead?
37:16 "After we die and become dust and bones, do we get resurrected?,
37:16 “What! When we are dead and have become dust and bones, will we then be raised again?
37:17 Awa abaona al-awwaloona
37:17 "What about our fathers of old?"
37:17 "What about our fathers of old?"
37:17 and perhaps also our forebears of old?"
37:17 "Even our ancient ancestors?",
37:17 And even our forefathers?” [36:78, 75:3]
37:18 Qul naAAam waantum dakhiroona
37:18 Say, "Yes, and then you will be humiliated."
37:18 Say: "Yes, and you will be humbled."
37:18 Say: Yea, indeed - and most abject will you then be!"
37:18 Say, "Yes, you will be forcibly summoned.",
37:18 Say, “Yes, indeed. And you will be brought low.”
37:19 فانما هى زجرة وحدة فاذا هم ينظرون
37:19 Fa-innama hiya zajratun wahidatunfa-itha hum yanthuroona
37:19 All it takes is one sound, then they will be staring.
37:19 All it takes is one sound, then they will be staring.
37:19 for that [resurrection which they deride] will be [upon them of a sudden, as if it were] but a single accusing cry - and then, lo! they will begin to see [the truth]
37:19 All it takes is one nudge, whereupon they (stand up) looking.,
37:19 There will be a single rebuke, and then, they will begin to see.
37:20 وقالوا يويلنا هذا يوم الدين
37:20 Waqaloo ya waylana hathayawmu alddeeni
37:20 They said, "Woe to us, this is the day of Judgment!"
37:20 And they said: "Woe to us, this is the Day of Recompense!"
37:20 and will say: Oh, woe unto us! This is the Day of Judgment!"
37:20 They will say, "Woe to us; this is the Day of Judgment.",
37:20 And they will say, “Oh, woe unto us! This is the Day of Judgment.”
37:21 هذا يوم الفصل الذى كنتم به تكذبون
37:21 Hatha yawmu alfasli allatheekuntum bihi tukaththiboona
37:21 This is the day of decisiveness that you used to deny.
37:21 This is the Day of decisiveness that you used to deny.
37:21 [And they will be told:] This is the Day of Distinction [between the true and the false - the Day]9 which you were wont to call a lie!"
37:21 This is the day of decision that you used to disbelieve in.,
37:21 Yes! This is the Day of decision you used to deny.
37:22 احشروا الذين ظلموا وازوجهم وما كانوا يعبدون
37:22 Ohshuroo allatheena thalamoowaazwajahum wama kanoo yaAAbudoona
Mutual Accusation of the Leaders and their Followers37:22 Gather the transgressors, their mates, and all they served,
37:22 Gather the transgressors, and their mates, and all they worshiped.
37:22 [And God will thus command:] Assemble all those who were bent on evildoing, together with others of their ilk10 and [with] all that they were wont to worship
Note 10
According to almost all of the earliest authorities - including Umar ibn al-Khattab, Abd Allah ibn Abbas, Qatadah, Mujahid, As-Suddi, Sa'id ibn Jubayr, Al-Hasan al-Basri, etc., - the expression azwaj denotes here "people resembling one another [in their dispositions]", or "people of the same kind" or "of the same ilk".
37:22 Summon the transgressors, and their spouses, and the idols they worshipped,
37:22 It will be said, “Bring them up together, the transgressors, their companions and the leaders whom they obeyed,
37:23 من دون الله فاهدوهم الى صرط الجحيم
37:23 Min dooni Allahi faihdoohum ilasirati aljaheemi
37:23 Beside God, and guide them to the path of hell.
37:23 Beside God, and guide them to the path of Hell.
37:23 instead of God, and lead them all onto the way to the blazing fire,
37:23 beside GOD, and guide them to the path of Hell.,
37:23 Besides God, and lead them onto the path to the Blazing fire.4
37:24 Waqifoohum innahum masooloona
37:24 Let them stand and be questioned:
37:24 And let them stand and be questioned:
37:24 and halt them [there]!" [And then,] behold, they shall be asked,
37:24 Stop them, and ask them:,
37:24 Halt them! For, they must be questioned.
37:25 Ma lakum la tanasaroona
37:25 "Why do you not support one another?"
37:25 "Why do you not support one another?"
37:25 How is it that [now] you cannot succour one another?"
37:25 "Why do you not help one another?",
37:25 What is the matter with you that you do not help each other?
37:26 Bal humu alyawma mustaslimoona
37:26 No, for today they have totally given up.
37:26 No, for today they have totally given up.
37:26 Nay, but on that Day they would willingly surrender [to God];
37:26 They will be, on that day, totally submitting.,
37:26 Nay, but this Day they make full submission.
37:27 واقبل بعضهم على بعض يتساءلون
37:27 Waaqbala baAAduhum AAala baAAdinyatasaaloona
37:27 Some of them came to each other, questioning.
37:27 And some of them came to each other, questioning.
37:27 but [since it will be too late,] they will turn upon one another, demanding of each other [to relieve them of the burden of their past sins].11
Note 11
Cf. the contrasting - though verbally identical - passage in verses 50 ff. of the present surah. Whereas in the latter instance the verb yatasa alun has its primary connotation of "asking one another [about something]", it signifies here "demanding [something] of one another" - as the sequence shows, to assume responsibility for their erstwhile denial of the truth.
Mutual Blaming37:27 They will come to each other, questioning and blaming one another.,
37:27 And they will turn to one another asking, demanding.
37:28 قالوا انكم كنتم تاتوننا عن اليمين
37:28 Qaloo innakum kuntum ta/toonanaAAani alyameeni
37:28 They said, "You used to entice us from the right side."1
Note 1
The worst deception is the one done under the name of God and good causes. Religious leaders and politicians usually deceive people by approaching them through the "right" side. They sell lies in the name of God, they promote aggression, pre-emptive wars and corruption in the name of "patriotism," "liberty," or "our way of life." See 20:63.
37:28 They said: "You used to entice us from the right side."
37:28 Some [of them] will say: Behold, you were wont to approach us [deceptively] from the right!"12
Note 12
I.e., "claiming that what you were asking us to do was right and good". The idiomatic phrase "approaching one from the right" is more or less synonymous with "pretending to give a morally good advice", as well as "approaching another person from a position of power and influence" (Zamakhshari).
37:28 They will say (to their leaders), "You used to come to us from the right side.",
37:28 Some will say, "You used to approach us in power."
37:29 قالوا بل لم تكونوا مؤمنين
37:29 Qaloo bal lam takoonoo mu/mineena
37:29 They replied: "No, it was you who were not those who acknowledge."
37:29 They replied: "No, it was you who were not believers."
37:29 [To which] the others will reply: Nay, you yourselves were bereft of all faith!
37:29 They will respond, "It is you who were not believers.,
37:29 The leaders will reply, "Nay, you yourselves were not believers.
37:30 وما كان لنا عليكم من سلطن بل كنتم قوما طغين
37:30 Wama kana lanaAAalaykum min sultanin bal kuntum qawman tagheena
37:30 "We never had any power over you, but you were a wicked people."
37:30 "And we never had any power over you, but you were a wicked people."
37:30 Moreover, we had no power at all over you: nay, you were people filled with overweening arrogance!
37:30 "We never had any power over you; it is you who were wicked.,
37:30 And we had no power at all over you. Nay, you were a people of unrestrained conduct.”
37:31 فحق علينا قول ربنا انا لذائقون
37:31 Fahaqqa AAalayna qawlu rabbinainna latha-iqoona
37:31 "So our Lord's decree is now upon us, that we will suffer."
37:31 "So the decree of our Lord is now upon us, that we will suffer."
37:31 But now our Sustainer's word has come true against us [as well]: verily, we are bound to taste [the fruit of our sins].
37:31 "We justly incurred our Lord's judgment; now we have to suffer.,
37:31 But now the Word of our Lord has come to pass about all of us. Surely, we are bound to taste the fruit of our deeds.
37:32 Faaghwaynakum inna kunnaghaweena
37:32 "We misled you, because we were astray."
37:32 "We misled you, because we were astray."
37:32 So then, [if it be true that] we have caused you to err grievously - behold, we ourselves had been lost in grievous error!"13
37:32 "We misled you, only because we were astray.",
37:32 So then, if we misled you, we ourselves were astray.”
37:33 فانهم يومئذ فى العذاب مشتركون
37:33 Fa-innahum yawma-ithin fee alAAathabimushtarikoona
37:33 Then, on that day they will all share in the retribution.
37:33 Then, on that Day they will all share in the retribution.
37:33 And, verily, on that Day they all will share in their common suffering.
37:33 Thus, together they will all partake of the retribution on that day.,
37:33 And on that Day, they will be partners in a common doom. [14:21, 33:67, 34:32, 40:47]
37:34 Inna kathalika nafAAalu bialmujrimeena
37:34 This is how We deal with the criminals.
37:34 This is how We deal with the criminals.
37:34 Verily, thus shall We deal with all who were lost in sin:
37:34 This is how we requite the guilty.,
37:34 This is how We deal with the guilty.
37:35 انهم كانوا اذا قيل لهم لا اله الا الله يستكبرون
37:35 Innahum kanoo itha qeela lahumla ilaha illa Allahu yastakbiroona
37:35 When it was said to them: "There is no god except God," they would be arrogant.
37:35 When it was said to them: "There is no god except God," they would be arrogant.
37:35 for, behold, whenever they were told, There is no deity save God," they would glory in their arrogance
The First Commandment37:35 When they were told, "Laa Elaaha Ella Allah,
37:35 For when it was said to them, “There is no god but God”, they showed arrogance.
37:36 ويقولون ائنا لتاركوا ءالهتنا لشاعر مجنون
37:36 Wayaqooloona a-inna latarikoo alihatinalishaAAirin majnoonin
37:36 They would say, "Shall we leave our gods because of a crazy poet?"
37:36 And they would say: "Shall we leave our gods because of a crazy poet?"
37:36 and would say, Shall we, then, give up our deities at the bidding of a mad poet?"14
Note 14
Lit., "for [or "for the sake of"] a mad poet" - thus alluding to the allegation that the Qur'an is a product of Muhammad's mind (see note 38 on 36:69). The reference to "deities" comprises, in this context, everything that man may "worship" in both the literal and the metaphorical senses of this word.
37:36 They said, "Shall we leave our gods for the sake of a crazy poet?",
37:36 And they used to say, “Shall we give up our gods for a mad poet?”
37:37 بل جاء بالحق وصدق المرسلين
37:37 Bal jaa bialhaqqi wasaddaqaalmursaleena
37:37 No, he has come with the truth and he has confirmed the messengers.
37:37 No, he has come with the truth and he has confirmed the messengers.
37:37 Nay, but he [whom you call a mad poet] has brought the truth; and he confirms the truth of [what the earlier of God's] message-bearers [have taught].15
Note 15
See surah 2, note 5. It is to be borne in mind that this refers to the fundamental teachings, which have always been the same in every true religion, and not to the many time-bound laws evident in the earlier religious codes.
37:37 In fact, he has brought the truth, and has confirmed the messengers.,
37:37 Nay, but he brought the truth, and he confirmed the previous Messengers.
37:38 انكم لذائقوا العذاب الاليم
37:38 Innakum latha-iqoo alAAathabial-aleemi
37:38 You will taste the greatest of retribution.
37:38 You will taste the greatest of retribution.
37:38 Behold, you will indeed taste grievous suffering [in the life to come],
37:38 Most assuredly, you will taste the most painful retribution.,
37:38 You will certainly taste the grievous suffering.
37:39 وما تجزون الا ما كنتم تعملون
37:39 Wama tujzawna illa makuntum taAAmaloona
37:39 You are only recompensed for what you have done.
37:39 And you are only recompensed for what you have done.
37:39 although you shall not be requited for aught but what you were wont to do.
37:39 You are requited only for what you have done.,
37:39 And you are requited only for what you have done.
37:40 Illa AAibada Allahialmukhlaseena
37:40 Except for God's servants who are dedicated.
37:40 Except for the servants God who are faithful.
37:40 Not so, however, God's true servants:16
Note 16
Lit., "sincere servants". In contrast to the principle that "a bad deed will be requited with no more than the like thereof", implied in the preceding verse, the Qur'an states here that he who "shall come [before God] with a good deed will receive ten times the like thereof" (see 6:160).
37:40 Only GOD's servants who are absolutely devoted to Him alone (will be saved).,
37:40 But the sincere servants of God.
37:41 Ola-ika lahum rizqun maAAloomun
37:41 For them will be known provisions.
37:41 For them will be known provisions.
37:41 [in the hereafter,] theirs shall be a sustenance which they will recognize17
37:41 They have deserved provisions that are reserved specifically for them.,
37:42 Fawakihu wahum mukramoona
37:42 Fruits, and they will be honored.
37:42 Fruits, and they will be honored.
37:42 as the fruits [of their life on earth]; and honoured shall they be
37:42 All kinds of fruits. They will be honored.,
37:42 As the fruits of their labor, and they shall be honored.
37:43 Fee jannati alnnaAAeemi
37:43 In the gardens of bliss.
37:43 In gardens of bliss.
37:43 in gardens of bliss,
37:43 In the gardens of bliss.,
37:43 In the Gardens of Delight.
37:44 AAala sururin mutaqabileena
37:44 On furnishings which are opposite one another.
37:44 On beds which are opposite one another.
37:44 facing one another [in love] upon thrones of happiness.18
Note 18
For my occasional rendering of the plural noun surur as "thrones of happiness", see note 34 on 15:47.
37:44 On furnishings close to one another.,
37:44 Facing one another upon thrones of happiness.
37:45 Yutafu AAalayhim bika/sin min maAAeenin
37:45 They will be served with cups of pure drinks.
37:45 They will be served with a cup of pure drink.
37:45 A cup will be passed round among them [with a drink] from unsullied springs,
37:45 Cups of pure drinks will be offered to them.,
37:45 A cup from a gushing spring of bliss brought around for them.
37:46 Baydaa laththatin lilshsharibeena
37:46 Clear and tasty for the drinkers.
37:46 White, delicious for the drinkers.
37:46 clear, delightful to those who drink it:
37:46 Clear and delicious for the drinkers.,
37:46 Crystal clear, delicious to those who drink.
37:47 لا فيها غول ولا هم عنها ينزفون
37:47 La feeha ghawlun walahum AAanha yunzafoona
37:47 There is no bitterness therein, nor will they tire from it.
37:47 There is no bitterness therein, nor will they tire from it.
37:47 no headiness will be in it, and they will not get drunk thereon.
37:47 Never polluted, and never exhausted.,
37:47 No headache or hangover in it, nor will they get drunk. [56:19]
37:48 WaAAindahum qasiratu alttarfiAAeenun
37:48 With them are attendants with wide eyes and a splendid look.
37:48 And with them are those with a modest gaze, with lovely eyes.
37:48 And with them will be mates of modest gaze,19 most beautiful of eye,
Note 19
See note 46 on 38:52, where the expression qasirat at-tarf (lit., "such as restrain their gaze") appears for the first time in the chronology of Quranic revelation.
37:48 With them will be wonderful companions.,
37:48 (These joys of life will not be confined to men.) In their company will be mates of modest gaze, endowed with vision.
37:49 Kaannahunna baydun maknoonun
37:49 They are like fragile eggs.
37:49 They are like fragile eggs.
37:49 [as free of faults] as if they were hidden [ostrich] eggs.20
Note 20
This is an ancient Arabian figure of speech derived from the habit of the female ostrich, which buries its eggs in the sand for protection (Zamakhshari). Its particular application to the women who attain to paradise becomes clear from 56:34 ff., which states that all righteous women, irrespective of their age and condition at the time of death, will be resurrected as beautiful maidens.
37:49 Protected like fragile eggs.,
37:49 Flawless like the hidden ostrich eggs (of unblemished character).
37:50 فاقبل بعضهم على بعض يتساءلون
37:50 Faaqbala baAAduhum AAala baAAdinyatasaaloona
Conversation between the People of Paradise and Hell37:50 So then they approached one another, questioning.
37:50 So then they approached one another, questioning.
37:50 And they will all turn to one another, asking each other [about their past lives].21
Note 21
Cf. verse 27 above and the corresponding note 11. Like the mutual reproaches of the sinners in that passage, the "conversation" of the blessed which follows here is, of course, allegorical, and is meant to stress the continuity of individual consciousness in the hereafter.
The Dwellers of Heaven Visit the Dwellers of Hell37:50 They will come to each other, and confer with one another.,
37:50 And they will all turn to one another asking (socializing).
37:51 قال قائل منهم انى كان لى قرين
37:51 Qala qa-ilun minhum innee kanalee qareenun
37:51 One of them said, "I used to have a friend."
37:51 One of them said: "I used to have a friend."
37:51 One of them speaks thus: Behold, I had [on earth] a close companion
37:51 One of them will say, "I used to have a friend.,
37:51 One of them speaks thus, “I had a close companion.”
37:52 Yaqoolu a-innaka lamina almusaddiqeena
37:52 "Who used to say, "Are you among those who acknowledge this?"
37:52 "Who used to say: 'Are you among those who believe in this?'
37:52 who was wont to ask [me], 'Why - art thou really one of those who believe it to be true
37:52 "He used to mock: `Do you believe all this?,
37:52 He used to ask me, “What! Are you of those who affirm?
37:53 اءذا متنا وكنا ترابا وعظما اءنا لمدينون
37:53 A-itha mitna wakunnaturaban waAAithaman a-innalamadeenoona
37:53 "That if we die and turn into dust and bones, that we would be called to account?""
37:53 'That if we die and turn into dust and bones, that we would be called to account?'"
37:53 [that] after we have died and become mere dust and bones we shall, forsooth, be brought to judgment?"'
37:53 " `After we die and turn into dust and bones, do we get called to account?' ",
37:53 That after we have died and become mere dust and bones, we will be held accountable!”
37:54 Qala hal antum muttaliAAoona
37:54 He said, "Can anyone find him?"
37:54 He said: "Can anyone find him?"
37:54 [And] he adds: Would you like to look [and see him]?"
37:54 He will say, "Just take a look!",
37:54 A voice will be heard, “Will you people like to look at him?”
37:55 فاطلع فرءاه فى سواء الجحيم
37:55 FaittalaAAa faraahu feesawa-i aljaheemi
37:55 So when he looked, he saw him in the midst of hell.
37:55 So when he looked, he saw him in the midst of Hell.
37:55 and then he looks and sees that [companion of his] in the midst of the blazing fire,
37:55 When he looks, he will see his friend in the heart of Hell.,3
Note 3
People who make it to Heaven will be able to visit their relatives and friends in Hell, without adverse consequences. In the Hereafter, anyonecan move downward, but not upward beyond a certain limit. The limit is decidedby one's degree of growth and development( App.5).
37:55 And then he looks and finds his companion in the midst of the Blazing Fire.
37:56 Qala taAllahi in kidtalaturdeeni
37:56 He said, "By God, you nearly ruined me!"
37:56 He said: "By God, you nearly ruined me!"
37:56 and says: By God! Verily, thou hast almost destroyed me [too, O my erstwhile companion]
37:56 He (will go to him and) say, "By GOD, you almost ruined me.,
37:56 He says to the companion in the fire, “By God! You had almost ruined me.
37:57 ولولا نعمة ربى لكنت من المحضرين
37:57 Walawla niAAmatu rabbee lakuntu minaalmuhdareena
37:57 "Had it not been for my Lord's blessing, I would have been with you."
37:57 "And had it not been for the blessing of my Lord, I would have been with you."
37:57 for had it not been for my Sustainer's favour, I would surely be [now] among those who are given over [to suffering]!
37:57 "If it were not for my Lord's blessing, I would have been with you now.,
37:57 Had I not earned the blessing of my Lord, I would have been of those given over to punishment.
37:58 Afama nahnu bimayyiteena
37:58 "Are we then not going to die,"
37:58 "Are we then not going to die,"
37:58 But then, [O my friends in paradise,] is it [really] so that we are not to die
37:58 "(Do you still believe) that we die,,
37:58 Are we then never to die?
37:59 الا موتتنا الاولى وما نحن بمعذبين
37:59 Illa mawtatana al-oolawama nahnu bimuAAaththabeena
37:59 "Except for our first death, and we will not be punished?"
37:59 "Except for our first death, and we will not be punished?"
37:59 [again,] beyond our previous death, and that we shall never [again] be made to suffer?
37:59 "only the first death, and we never receive any requital?",
37:59 After our former death, we will never be among those who are suffering.
37:60 Inna hatha lahuwa alfawzu alAAatheemu
37:60 Such is the greatest triumph.
37:60 Such is the great triumph.
37:60 Verily, this - this indeed - is the triumph supreme!"
Redemption: The Greatest Triumph37:60 Such is the greatest triumph.,
37:60 Surely, this is the Supreme Triumph.”
37:61 Limithli hatha falyaAAmali alAAamiloona
37:61 For this let those who will work endeavor.
37:61 For this let those who will work endeavor.
37:61 For the like of this, then, let them labour, those who labour [in God's way]!
37:61 This is what every worker should work for.,
37:61 For such an end all workers should endeavor.
37:62 اذلك خير نزلا ام شجرة الزقوم
37:62 Athalika khayrun nuzulan am shajaratualzzaqqoomi
The Tree Growing Inside Hell37:62 Is that a better destination, or the tree of bitterness?
37:62 Is that a better destination, or the tree of Bitterness?
37:62 Is such [a paradise] the better welcome - or the [hellish] tree of deadly fruit?22
Note 22
According to the lexicographers, the noun zaqqum (which occurs, apart from the present instance, in 44:43 and in 56:52 as well) denotes any "deadly food"; hence, the expression shajarat az-zaqqum, a symbol of hell, may be appropriately rendered as "the tree of deadly fruit" (undoubtedly identical with "the tree cursed in this Qur'an", mentioned in 17:60), symbolizing the fact that the otherworldly sufferings which the Qur'an describes as "hell" are but the fruit - i.e., organic consequence - of one's evil deeds done on earth.
37:62 Is this a better destiny, or the tree of bitterness?,
37:62 Is this better as a welcome, or the inedible cactus (the bitterness they gave to others)? [17:60, 44: 43-44, 56:52]
37:63 Inna jaAAalnahafitnatan lilththalimeena
37:63 We have made it a punishment for the transgressors.
37:63 We have made it a punishment for the transgressors.
37:63 Verily, We have caused it to be a trial for evildoers:23
Note 23
It cannot be often enough repeated that all Quranic references to hell and paradise - and, for that matter, all descriptions of men's conditions in the hereafter - are, of necessity, highly allegorical (see Appendix I) and therefore liable to be grossly misunderstood if one takes them in their literal sense or, conversely, interprets them in an arbitrary manner (cf. 3:7 and the corresponding notes 5,7 and 8): and this, to my mind, explains why the symbol of the "tree of deadly fruit" - one of the metonyms for the suffering of the sinners in the hereafter - has become "a trial (fitnah) for evildoers" (or "for men" in 17:60). See in this connection 74:31, which is the earliest Quranic instance of this concept of "trial".
37:63 We have rendered it a punishment for the transgressors.,
37:63 We have appointed it as a torment for the oppressors.
37:64 انها شجرة تخرج فى اصل الجحيم
37:64 Innaha shajaratun takhruju fee aslialjaheemi
37:64 It is a tree that grows in the midst of hell.2
37:64 It is a tree that grows in the midst of Hell.
37:64 for, behold, it is a tree that grows in the very heart of the blazing fire [of hell],
37:64 It is a tree that grows in the heart of Hell.,
37:65 TalAAuha kaannahu ruoosu alshshayateeni
37:65 Its shoots are like the devils' heads.
37:65 Its shoots are like the devils' heads.
37:65 its fruit [as repulsive] as satans' heads;24
Note 24
According to Zamakhshari, "this purely verbal metaphor (isti'arah lafziyyah) is meant to express the ultimate in repulsiveness and ugliness . . . inasmuch as Satan is considered to be the epitome of all that is evil".
37:65 Its flowers look like the devils' heads.,
37:66 فانهم لءاكلون منها فمالون منها البطون
37:66 Fa-innahum laakiloona minhafamali-oona minha albutoona
37:66 They will eat from it, so that their bellies are filled up.
37:66 They will eat from it, so that their bellies are filled up.
37:66 and they [who are lost in evil] are indeed bound to eat thereof, and to fill their bellies therewith.
37:66 They will eat from it until their bellies are filled up.,
37:66 From it they must eat, and fill their bellies with it. [37:68]
37:67 ثم ان لهم عليها لشوبا من حميم
37:67 Thumma inna lahum AAalayha lashawbanmin hameemin
37:67 Then they will have with it a drink of boiling liquid.
37:67 Then they will have with it a drink of boiling liquid.
37:67 And, behold, above all this they will be confounded with burning despair!25
Note 25
Lit., "and upon it, behold, they will have an admixture [or "confusion"] of hamim". (For my rendering of the last term as "burning despair", see surah 6 note 62.
37:67 Then they will top it with a hellish drink.,
37:67 Above all this they have a drink of burning despair.
37:68 ثم ان مرجعهم لالى الجحيم
37:68 Thumma inna marjiAAahum la-ila aljaheemi
37:68 Then they will be returned to hell.
37:68 Then they will be returned to Hell.
37:68 And once again:26 Verily, the blazing fire is their ultimate goal
Note 26
See surah 6 note 31.
37:68 Then they will return to Hell.,
37:68 And once again, the Blazing Fire is their destination.
37:69 انهم الفوا ءاباءهم ضالين
37:69 Innahum alfaw abaahum dalleena
37:69 They had found their parents astray.
37:69 They had found their parents astray.
37:69 for, behold, they found their forebears on a wrong way,
They Followed Their Parents Blindly37:69 They found their parents astray.,
37:69 For they had found their fathers on the wrong path.
37:70 Fahum AAala atharihimyuhraAAoona
37:70 So they too have hastened in their footsteps.
37:70 So they too have hastened in their footsteps.
37:70 and [now] they make haste to follow in their footsteps!27
Note 27
I.e., blind imitation (taqlid) of the - obviously absurd - beliefs, valuations and customs of one's erring predecessors, and disregard of all evidence of the truth supplied by both reason and divine revelation, is here shown to be the principal cause of the suffering referred to in the preceding passage (Zamakhshari).
37:70 And they blindly followed in their footsteps.,
37:70 But they made haste to follow their footprints.
37:71 ولقد ضل قبلهم اكثر الاولين
37:71 Walaqad dalla qablahum aktharual-awwaleena
37:71 Most of the previous generations have strayed before them.
37:71 Most of the previous generations have strayed before them.
37:71 Thus, indeed, most of the people of old went astray before them,
37:71 Most of the previous generations have strayed in the same manner.,
37:71 This is how most of the earlier people had gone astray before them.
37:72 Walaqad arsalna feehim munthireena
37:72 We had sent to them warners.
37:72 And We had sent to them warners.
37:72 although, verily, We had sent warners unto them:
37:72 We have sent to them warners.,
37:72 And We had sent warners among them.
37:73 فانظر كيف كان عقبة المنذرين
37:73 Faonthur kayfa kanaAAaqibatu almunthareena
37:73 Thus note the consequences for those who were warned.
37:73 Thus note the consequences for those who were warned.
37:73 and behold what happened in the end to those that had been warned [to no avail]!
37:73 Note the consequences for those who have been warned.,
37:73 Reflect then, on what happened to those who had been warned.
37:74 Illa AAibada Allahialmukhlaseena
37:74 Except for God's servants who are dedicated.
37:74 Except for the servants of God who are faithful.
37:74 EXCEPT for God's true servants, [most people are apt to go astray.]28
Note 28
Sc., "and are, therefore, in need of prophetic guidance": which explains the subsequent mention of stories relating to several of the prophets. The story of Noah, which is briefly referred to here, appears in greater detail in 11:25.
37:74 Only GOD's servants who are absolutely devoted to Him alone (are saved).,
37:74 Except for the sincere servants of God.
37:75 ولقد نادىنا نوح فلنعم المجيبون
37:75 Walaqad nadana noohunfalaniAAma almujeeboona
Noah37:75 Noah had called upon Us, for We are the best to respond.
37:75 And Noah had called upon Us, for We are the best to respond.
37:75 And, indeed, [it was for this reason that] Noah cried unto Us - and how excellent was Our response:
Noah37:75 Thus, Noah called upon us, and we were the best responders.,
37:75 And it was so when Noah cried to Us. How excellent are We as Responder.
37:76 ونجينه واهله من الكرب العظيم
37:76 Wanajjaynahu waahlahu mina alkarbialAAatheemi
37:76 We saved him and his family from the great disaster.
37:76 And We saved him and his family from the great disaster.
37:76 for We saved him and his household from that awesome calamity,29
Note 29
I.e., the Deluge.
37:76 We saved him and his family from the great disaster.,
37:76 We saved him, his family and his followers from the great distress.8
Note 8
Ahl, in the sense of the family of a Prophet, includes his followers
37:77 WajaAAalna thurriyyatahu humualbaqeena
37:77 We made his progeny the one that remained.
37:77 And We made his progeny the one that remained.
37:77 and caused his offspring to endure [on earth];
37:77 We made his companions the survivors.,
37:77 And made his progeny and followers survive.
37:78 Watarakna AAalayhi fee al-akhireena
37:78 We kept his history for those who came later.
37:78 And We kept his history for those who came later.
37:78 and We left him thus to be remembered among later generations:30
Note 30
Lit., "and We left upon him", sc., "this praise" or "remembrance", expressed in the salutation which follows.
37:78 And we preserved his history for subsequent generations.,
37:78 And We left his remembrance for later generations.
37:79 Salamun AAala noohinfee alAAalameena
37:79 Peace be upon Noah among the worlds.
37:79 Peace be upon Noah among the worlds.
37:79 Peace be upon Noah throughout all the worlds!"
37:79 Peace be upon Noah among the peoples.,
37:79 Peace and salutation to Noah in the worlds!
37:80 Inna kathalika najzee almuhsineena
37:80 It is such that We reward the righteous.
37:80 It is such that We reward the righteous.
37:80 Verily, thus do We reward the doers of good
37:80 We thus reward the righteous.,
37:80 Surely, this is how We reward the benefactors of humanity.
37:81 Innahu min AAibadinaalmu/mineena
37:81 He is of Our acknowledging servants.
37:81 He is of Our believing servants.
37:81 for he was truly one of our believing servants:
37:81 He is one of our believing servants.,
37:81 He was one of Our believing servants.
37:82 Thumma aghraqna al-akhareena
37:82 Then We drowned the others.
37:82 Then We drowned the others.
37:82 [and so We saved him and those who followed him] and then We caused the others to drown.
37:82 We drowned all the others.,
37:82 And We caused the others to drown.
37:83 Wa-inna min sheeAAatihi la-ibraheema
Abraham and His Dream37:83 From among his descendants was Abraham.
37:83 And from his clan was Abraham.
37:83 AND, BEHOLD, of his persuasion was Abraham, too,
Abraham37:83 Among his followers was Abraham.,
37:83 To his group (of believers, later) belonged Abraham.
37:84 Ith jaa rabbahu biqalbinsaleemin
37:84 For he came to his Lord with a pure heart.
37:84 For he came to his Lord with a pure heart.
37:84 when he turned to his Sustainer with a heart free of evil,
37:84 He came to his Lord wholeheartedly.,
37:84 When he came to his Lord with a noble heart.
37:85 اذ قال لابيه وقومه ماذا تعبدون
37:85 Ith qala li-abeehi waqawmihi mathataAAbudoona
37:85 When he said to his father and his people: "What are you serving?"
37:85 When he said to his father and his people: "What are you worshiping?"
37:85 and [thus] spoke to his father and his people: What is it that you worship?
37:85 He said to his father and his people, "What are you worshipping?,
37:85 And thus spoke to his father and his people, “What is it that you worship?”
37:86 ائفكا ءالهة دون الله تريدون
37:86 A-ifkan alihatan doona Allahitureedoona
37:86 "Is it fabricated gods, instead of God, that you want?"
37:86 "Is it fabricated gods, instead of God, that you want?"
37:86 Do you want [to bow down before] a lie - [before] deities other than God?
37:86 "Is it these fabricated gods, instead of GOD, that you want?,
37:86 It is a falsehood. Do you desire gods besides God?
37:87 Fama thannukum birabbialAAalameena
37:87 "What do you say of the Lord of the worlds?"
37:87 "What do you say of the Lord of the worlds?"
37:87 What, then, do you think of the Sustainer of all the worlds?"31
Note 31
Abraham's argument goes thus: "Do you believe in the existence of a Creator and Lord of the universe?" - a question which his people were bound to answer in the affirmative, since belief in a Supreme Deity was an integral part of their religion. The next stage of the argument would be: "How, then, can you worship idols - the work of your own hands - side by side with the idea of a Creator of the universe?"
37:87 "What do you think of the Lord of the universe?",
37:87 What do you think of the Lord of the Worlds?”
37:88 Fanathara nathratanfee alnnujoomi
37:88 Then he looked towards the stars.3
37:88 Then he looked towards the stars.
37:88 Then he cast a glance at the stars,32
Note 32
Obviously an allusion to his early, futile attempts at identifying God with the stars, the sun or the moon (see 6:76).
37:88 He looked carefully at the stars.,
37:88 And he glanced at the stars. [6:76-78]
37:89 Faqala innee saqeemun
37:89 He said, "I am sick of this!"
37:89 And he said: "I am ill!"
37:89 and said, Verily, I am sick [at heart]!"*
37:89 Then he gave up and said, "I am tired of this!",
37:89 And said, “I am sick (of you worshiping false deities).” [60:4]
37:90 Fatawallaw AAanhu mudbireena
37:90 So they turned away from him and departed.
37:90 So they turned away from him and departed.
37:90 and at that they turned their backs on him and went away.
37:90 They turned away from him.,
37:90 At that they turned their backs and moved away from him.
37:91 فراغ الى ءالهتهم فقال الا تاكلون
37:91 Faragha ila alihatihimfaqala ala ta/kuloona
37:91 He then went to their idols and said, "Can you not eat?"
37:91 He then went to their gods and said: "Can you not eat?"
37:91 Thereupon he approached their gods stealthily and said, What! You do not eat [of the offerings placed before you]?
37:91 He then turned on their idols, saying, "Would you like to eat?,
37:91 Then Abraham gently turned to their idols and said, “What! You do not eat?
37:92 Ma lakum la tantiqoona
37:92 "What is the matter, you do not speak?"
37:92 "What is the matter, you do not speak?"
37:92 What is amiss with you that you do not speak?"
37:92 "Why do you not speak?",
37:92 What ails you that you do not speak?”
37:93 Faragha AAalayhim darban bialyameeni
37:93 So he then turned on them, striking with his hand.
37:93 So he then turned on them, striking with his hand.
37:93 And then he fell upon them, smiting them with his right hand.34
37:93 He then destroyed them.,
37:93 Then he turned upon them, striking them with the right hand (struck them hard).
37:94 Faaqbaloo ilayhi yaziffoona
37:94 Then they approached him outraged.
37:94 Then they approached him outraged.
37:94 [But] then the others came towards him hurriedly [and accused him of his deed].
37:94 They went to him in a great rage.,
37:94 The people came running to him.
37:95 Qala ataAAbudoona ma tanhitoona
37:95 He said, "Do you serve what you carve?"
37:95 He said: "Do you worship what you carve?"
37:95 He answered: Do you worship something that you [yourselves] have carved,
37:95 He said, "How can you worship what you carve?,
37:95 He said, “Do you worship what you carve with your own hands?
37:96 WaAllahu khalaqakum wamataAAmaloona
37:96 "While God has created you, and all that you make!"
37:96 "While God has created you, and all that you make!"
37:96 the while it is God who has created you and all your handiwork?"
37:96 "When GOD has created you, and everything you make!",
37:96 “But God has created you and your handicraft!”
37:97 قالوا ابنوا له بنينا فالقوه فى الجحيم
37:97 Qaloo ibnoo lahu bunyananfaalqoohu fee aljaheemi
37:97 They said, "Build for him a structure, and then throw him into its fire."
37:97 They said: "Build for him a structure, and then cast him into its fire."
37:97 They exclaimed: Build a pyre35 for him, and cast him into the blazing fire!"
Note 35
Lit., "a building" or "a structure".
37:97 They said, "Let us build a great fire, and throw him into it.",
37:97 They said, “Build a structure for him and fling him into the Blazing Fire.”
37:98 فارادوا به كيدا فجعلنهم الاسفلين
37:98 Faaradoo bihi kaydan fajaAAalnahumual-asfaleena
37:98 So they wanted to harm him, but We made them the losers.
37:98 So they wanted to plan against him, but We made them the losers.
37:98 But whereas they sought to do evil unto him, We [frustrated their designs, and thus] brought them low?36
Note 36
See surah 21 note 64.
37:98 They schemed against him, but we made them the losers.,
37:98 But as they schemed against him, We brought them low.
37:99 وقال انى ذاهب الى ربى سيهدين
37:99 Waqala innee thahibun ilarabbee sayahdeeni
37:99 He said, "I am going to my Lord; He will guide me."
37:99 And he said: "I am going to my Lord; He will guide me."
37:99 And [Abraham] said: Verily, I shall [leave this land and] go wherever my Sustainer will guide me!"37
Note 37
Lit., "I shall go to my Sustainer: He will guide me."
37:99 He said, "I am going to my Lord; He will guide me.",
37:99 And he said, “I am going to my Lord Who will guide me best. [29:26]
37:100 Rabbi hab lee mina alssaliheena
37:100 "My Lord, grant me from among the righteous."
37:100 "My Lord, grant me from among the righteous."
37:100 [And he prayed:] O my Sustainer! Bestow upon me the gift of [a son who shall be] one of the righteous!"
37:100 "My Lord, grant me righteous children.",
37:100 (Abraham migrated to Can’aan - Syria-Palestine - and prayed), “My Lord! Grant me a healthy and righteous child.”9
Note 9
‘Saleh’ also means healthy
37:101 Fabashsharnahu bighulamin haleemin
37:101 So We gave him good news of a compassionate child.
37:101 So We gave him good news of a compassionate child.
37:101 whereupon We gave him the glad tiding of a boy-child gentle [like himself]?38
Note 38
I.e., Abraham's first-born son, Ishmael (Isma'il).
37:101 We gave him good news of a good child.,
37:101 So We gave him the good news of a clement son (Ishmael).
37:102 فلما بلغ معه السعى قال يبنى انى ارى فى المنام انى اذبحك فانظر ماذا ترى قال يابت افعل ما تؤمر ستجدنى ان شاء الله من الصبرين
37:102 Falamma balagha maAAahu alssaAAyaqala ya bunayya innee ara fee almanamiannee athbahuka faonthur mathatara qala ya abati ifAAal ma tu/marusatajidunee in shaa Allahu mina alssabireena
37:102 When he grew enough to work with him, he said, "My son, I am seeing in a dream that I am sacrificing you. What do you think?" He said, "O my father, do what you are commanded to do. You will find me, God willing, patient."
37:102 And when he grew enough to work with him, he said: "My son, I am seeing in a dream that I am sacrificing you. What do you think?" He said: "O my father, do what you are commanded to do. You will find me, God willing, patient."
37:102 And [one day,] when [the child] had become old enough to share in his [father's] endeavours,39 the latter said: O my dear son! I have seen in a dream that I should sacrifice thee: consider, then, what would be thy view!" [Ishmael] answered: O my father! Do as thou art bidden: thou wilt find me, if God so wills, among those who are patient in adversity!"
Note 39
Lit., "attained to [the age of] walking [or "striving"] with him": evidently a metonym for the child's attaining to an age when he could understand, and share in, his father's faith and aims.
Satanic Dream37:102 When he grew enough to work with him, he said, "My son, I see in a dream that I am sacrificing you. What do you think?" He said, "O my father, do what you are commanded to do. You will find me, GOD willing, patient."4 *,
Note 4
The Most Merciful never advocates evil ( 7:28). As with Job, Satan claimed that Abrahamloved his son too much, and was permitted to put Abraham to that severetest.
37:102 And when he was old enough to strive along with him, Abraham said, “O My dear son! I have had a vision that I must give you to a life of test and tribulation for a noble cause (37:107). So look, what do you think?” He said, “O My father! Do what you are commanded. God willing, you will find me of the steadfast.”10
Note 10
Have had a dream = Have had a vision. Zibh and Zabh = Sacrifice = Disregard comfort for a noble cause. Just as Qatl = To subdue, kill, fight, humiliate, bring low
37:103 Falamma aslama watallahuliljabeeni
37:103 So when they both had peacefully surrendered, and he put his forehead down.
37:103 So when they both had submitted, and he was laid by his forehead.
37:103 But as soon as the two had surrendered themselves to [what they thought to be] the will of God,40 and [Abraham] had laid him down on his face,
Note 40
The above interpolation is, I believe, absolutely necessary for a proper understanding of this passage. As pointed out repeatedly in these notes, the verb aslama signifies, in Quranic usage, "he surrendered himself to God", or "to God's will", even if there is no express mention of God; hence, the dual form aslama occurring in the above verse might, on the face of it, have this meaning as well. Since, however, the sequence clearly shows that it was not God's will that Ishmael should be sacrificed, his and his father's "self-surrender to God's will" can have in this context only a purely subjective meaning - namely "to what they thought to be the will of God".
37:103 They both submitted, and he put his forehead down (to sacrifice him).,
37:103 As both of them had surrendered themselves (to God), he made Ishmael further submit in gratitude.11
Note 11
Contrary to popular tradition, Abraham never envisioned or intended to slaughter his son. God does not play games with His servants. Literal ‘forehead to ground’ = complete submission in gratitude
37:104 Wanadaynahu an ya ibraheemu
37:104 We called him: "O Abraham,"
37:104 And We called him: "O Abraham,"
37:104 We called out to him: O Abraham,
God Intervenes to Save Abraham and Ismail37:104 We called him: "O Abraham.,
37:104 We called unto him, “O Abraham!
37:105 قد صدقت الرءيا انا كذلك نجزى المحسنين
37:105 Qad saddaqta alrru/yainna kathalika najzee almuhsineena
37:105 "You have acknowledged the vision." It was such that We rewarded the righteous.4
Note 4
Killing a human being without justification is a sin for humans, not for God. God creates, kills and revives without justification. Controllers of God are not subject to the test like us; and they carry out God commandments, including taking the lives of children.
In verses 37:101, Abraham told his son that he saw in his sleep (manam) that he was sacrificing him. The Quran does not state that God ordered him to do that. He fulfills his dream (not his literal interpretation of it though) by intending and attempting to sacrifice his son. So, God stops him from going further all the way. Though it was not God who ordered him to sacrifice his son, Abraham's perfect submission to his literal interpretation of his vision proved his sincerity. God saved Abraham from completing his misinterpretation of his dream. Abraham was wrong in literally interpreting his dream since the dream was a metaphor, a dramatic metaphor reminding him to make God his only priority by mentally giving up from being preoccupied with his dearest possession. Though his literal understanding was wrong, he demonstrated his perfect submission to God. He fulfilled the real meaning of the dream. God rewarded his intention, not his knowledge of interpretation. (For sleep and dream, see: See 25:47; 8:43; 12:6; 30:23; 39:42; 78:9).
The ethical issue involving this dream has been extensively discussed since Socrates. In Plato's Euthyphro, Socrates asked a profound question, "is it right because God says so, or does God say so because it is right?" Because or therefore? The question assumes that God is different from the concept of goodness, while according to the Quran God is the Truth, the Wise, the Noble, and the Justice. The correct answer might be affirmative for both parts of the question. Sartre pulled our attention to a different epistemological problem with the story. He questioned the authenticity or reliability of the source. How could Abraham be sure that the voice was of divine origin, rather than of the devil? That is a legitimate question. If there is an Omnipotent and Omniscient God, and if that God wishes to communicate His will to humans without any doubt, He should be able to do so. Society will and should judge a person based on the principle of justice. Had Abraham lived today and had he managed to sacrifice his son, according to God's law, as a society we should hold him responsible for the murder. However, we should remember that the ultimate judge is God on the Day of Judgment. See 7:28.
Genesis 21:1-24 ; 22:1 tell the story of the sacrifice. Though the Quran does not give the identity of the child, Muslim scholars, perhaps because of a bias for the ancestor of the Arabs, to that coveted position have assigned Ishmael, Abraham's son from Hagar. The Old Testament, though, spells out Isaac, Abraham's son from Sara, the ancestor of the Children of Israel. However, the story contains some problems. According to the Bible, when Abraham attempted to sacrifice his son, his only son was Ishmael who was 13, while his second son Isaac was not even born yet (Genesis 16:16 ; 17:24; 21:5). This information contradicts the anonymous author of the Hebrews 11:17 . How can Abraham sacrifice his “only son” Isaac, when the younger Isaac was never Abraham’s “only son”? Biblical scholars try to get around this problem by claiming that Ishmael was an illegitimate child. Though Genesis 16:3 specifically considers Hagar to be Abraham's wife, the following verses refer to her as a mistress (Genesis 16:4-9 ). While Genesis 22:2 does not even consider the older Ishmael to be Abraham's son, New Testament's Galatians 4:22 writes about Abraham's two sons. Regardless of the relationship between Abraham and Hagar, blaming or demeaning a child because of his being born from a slave is an unjust discrimination. Even if the Biblical slander on Abraham's extramarital affair was true, holding an innocent child responsible for the sins of his parents is unjust both according to the Old Testament, Ezekiel 18:20 , and the Quran 6:164.
37:105 "You have carried out the vision." It was such that We rewarded the righteous.
37:105 thou hast already fulfilled [the purpose of] that dream- vision!"41 Thus, verily, do We reward the doers of good:
Note 41
I.e., the moral significance of Abraham's dream-vision consisted in a test of his readiness to sacrifice, at what he thought to be God's behest (see preceding note), all that was dearest to him in life.
37:105 "You have believed the dream." We thus reward the righteous.,
37:105 You have already affirmed the vision. We – This is so - We must reward the doers of good.”
37:106 ان هذا لهو البلؤا المبين
37:106 Inna hatha lahuwa albalaoalmubeenu
37:106 Surely, this was an exacting test.
37:106 Surely, this was an exacting test.
37:106 for, behold, all this was indeed a trial, clear in itself.42
Note 42
I.e., a trial of this severity clearly implied that Abraham would be capable to bear it, and thus constituted a high moral distinction - in itself a reward from God.
37:106 That was an exacting test indeed.,
37:106 This was a trial, clear in itself.12
Note 12
Leaving the prestigious office of Chief Priesthood in Babylon and now the comfort of Syria for the wilderness of Makkah
37:107 Wafadaynahu bithibhinAAatheemin
37:107 We ransomed him with a great animal sacrifice.
37:107 And We ransomed him with a great animal sacrifice.
37:107 And We ransomed him with a tremendous sacrifice,43
Note 43
The epithet azim ("tremendous" or "mighty") renders it improbable that this sacrifice refers to nothing but the ram which Abraham subsequently found and slaughtered in Ishmael's stead (Genesis xxii, 13). To my mind, the sacrifice spoken of here is the one repeated every year by countless believers in connection with the pilgrimage to Mecca (al-hajj), which, in itself, commemorates the experience of Abraham and Ishmael and constitutes one of the "five pillars" of Islam. (See 22:27, as well as 2:196.)
37:107 We ransomed (Ismail) by substituting an animal sacrifice.,
37:107 We exchanged his life for a Momentous Sacrifice. (Please notice here the absence of the Biblical and the traditional myth of a 'ram' sent from the heavens. Also, note that slaughtering of a sheep or goat, by no means, can be considered a Momentous Sacrifice. 14:37, 37:102) 37:107 We exchanged his life for a Momentous Sacrifice.13
Note 13
Please notice here the absence of the Biblical and the traditional myth of a 'ram' sent from the heavens. Also, note that slaughtering of a sheep or goat, by no means, can be considered a Momentous Sacrifice. 14:37, 37:102. Leaving the prestigious office of Chief Priesthood in Babylon and now the comfort of Syria for the wilderness of the valley of Makkah was the Momentous sacrifice.
37:108 وتركنا عليه فى الءاخرين
37:108 Watarakna AAalayhi fee al-akhireena
37:108 We kept his history for those who came later.
37:108 And We kept his history for those who came later.
37:108 and left him thus to be remembered among later generations:44
Note 44
See note 30 on verse 78 .
37:108 And we preserved his history for subsequent generations.,
37:108 And We left for him remembrance among the later generations.
37:109 Salamun AAala ibraheema
37:109 Peace be upon Abraham.
37:109 Peace be upon Abraham.
37:109 Peace be upon Abraham!"
37:109 Peace be upon Abraham.,
37:109 Peace and salutation to Abraham!
37:110 Kathalika najzee almuhsineena
37:110 It is thus that We reward the righteous.
37:110 It is thus that We reward the righteous.
37:110 Thus do We reward the doers of good
37:110 We thus reward the righteous.,
37:110 Thus do We reward the benefactors of humanity.
37:111 Innahu min AAibadinaalmu/mineena
37:111 He was of Our acknowledging servants.
37:111 He was of Our believing servants.
37:111 for he was truly one of our believing servants.
37:111 He is one of our believing servants.,
37:111 He was one of Our truly believing servants.
37:112 وبشرنه باسحق نبيا من الصلحين
37:112 Wabashsharnahu bi-ishaqanabiyyan mina alssaliheena
37:112 We gave him the good news of the coming of Isaac, a prophet from among the righteous.
37:112 And We gave him the good news of the coming of Isaac, a prophet from among the righteous.
37:112 And [in time] We gave him the glad tiding of Isaac, [who, too, would be] a prophet, one of the righteous;
Birth of Isaac37:112 Then we gave him the good news about the birth of Isaac, to be one of the righteous prophets.,
37:112 We gave him the good news of Isaac, a Prophet, among those who fulfilled their potentials.
37:113 وبركنا عليه وعلى اسحق ومن ذريتهما محسن وظالم لنفسه مبين
37:113 Wabarakna AAalayhi waAAalaishaqa wamin thurriyyatihima muhsinunwathalimun linafsihi mubeenun
37:113 We blessed him and Isaac. From among their progeny, some are righteous, and some are clearly wicked.
37:113 And We blessed him and Isaac. And from among their progeny, some are righteous, and some are clearly wicked.
37:113 and We blessed him and Isaac: but among the offspring of these two there were [destined] to be both doers of good and such as would glaringly sin against themselves.45
Note 45
I.e., commit evil. With this prediction the Qur'an refutes, as in so many other places, the spurious contention of the Jews that they are "the chosen people" by virtue of their descent from Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and therefore a priori "assured", as it were, of God's acceptance. In other words, God's blessing a prophet or a saint does not, by itself, imply the conferment of any special status on his descendants.
37:113 We blessed him and Isaac. Among their descendants, some are righteous, and some are wicked transgressors.,
37:113 And We gave lasting felicity to him and Isaac. But among their progeny are the doers of good as well as those who, (by doing wrong to others) obviously wrong their own ‘self’.
37:114 ولقد مننا على موسى وهرون
37:114 Walaqad mananna AAala moosawaharoona
Moses and Aaron37:114 Indeed, We have given Our grace to Moses and Aaron.
37:114 And indeed, We have given Our grace to Moses and Aaron.
37:114 THUS, INDEED, did We bestow Our favour upon Moses and Aaron;46
Note 46
I.e., in consideration of their own merit, and not because of their descent from Abraham and Isaac (see preceding verse and note).
Moses and Aaron37:114 We also blessed Moses and Aaron.,
37:114 We bestowed excellence upon Moses and Aaron.
37:115 ونجينهما وقومهما من الكرب العظيم
37:115 Wanajjaynahuma waqawmahumamina alkarbi alAAatheemi
37:115 We saved them and their people from the great disaster.
37:115 And We saved them and their people from the great disaster.
37:115 and We saved them and their people from the awesome calamity [of bondage],
37:115 We delivered them and their people from the great disaster.,
37:115 And We saved them and their people from the awesome distress (of bondage).
37:116 ونصرنهم فكانوا هم الغلبين
37:116 Wanasarnahum fakanoohumu alghalibeena
37:116 We supported them, so that they became the winners.
37:116 And We supported them, so that they became the winners.
37:116 and succoured them, so that [in the end] it was they who achieved victory.
37:116 We supported them, until they became the winners.,
37:116 And We helped them, so they became the victors.
37:117 وءاتينهما الكتب المستبين
37:117 Waataynahuma alkitabaalmustabeena
37:117 We gave both the clear book.
37:117 And We gave both the clear Book.
37:117 And We gave them the divine writ that made [right and wrong] distinct,47
Note 47
I.e., "the Torah, wherein there was guidance and light ... unto those who followed the Jewish faith" (5:44).
37:117 We gave both of them the profound scripture.,
37:117 And We gave both of them the scripture that helped to distinguish the right from wrong.14
Note 14
Kitabal Mustabeen = The Book that helped to distinguish = The Torah. Kitabil Mubeen = The Book that distinguishes = The Qur’an
37:118 وهدينهما الصرط المستقيم
37:118 Wahadaynahuma alssirataalmustaqeema
37:118 We guided them to the straight path.
37:118 And We guided them to the straight path.
37:118 and guided them the straight way,
37:118 We guided them in the right path.,
37:118 And showed both of them the straight path.
37:119 وتركنا عليهما فى الءاخرين
37:119 Watarakna AAalayhima fee al-akhireena
37:119 We kept their history for those who came later.
37:119 And We kept their history for those who came later.
37:119 and left them thus to be remembered among later generations:
37:119 We preserved their history for subsequent generations.,
37:119 And We left for them remembrance among the later generations.
37:120 Salamun AAala moosawaharoona
37:120 Peace be upon Moses and Aaron.
37:120 Peace be upon Moses and Aaron.
37:120 Peace be upon Moses and Aaron!"
37:120 Peace be upon Moses and Aaron.,
37:120 Peace and salutation to Moses and Aaron!
37:121 Inna kathalika najzee almuhsineena
37:121 We thus reward the righteous.
37:121 We thus reward the righteous.
37:121 Thus do We reward the doers of good
37:121 We thus reward the righteous.,
37:121 This is how We reward the benefactors of humanity.
37:122 انهما من عبادنا المؤمنين
37:122 Innahuma min AAibadinaalmu/mineena
37:122 Both of them were among Our acknowledging servants.
37:122 Both of them were among Our believing servants.
37:122 for those two were truly among Our believing servants.
37:122 Both of them were among our righteous servants.,
37:122 Both of them were Our believing servants.
37:123 Wa-inna ilyasa lamina almursaleena
Elias37:123 And Elias was one of the messengers.
37:123 And Elias was one of the messengers.
37:123 AND, BEHOLD, Elijah [too] was indeed one of Our message-bearers48
Note 48
The Hebrew prophet Elijah (Ilyas in Arabic) is mentioned in the Bible (I Kings xvii ff. And II Kings i-ii) as having lived in the Northern Kingdom of Israel during the reigns of Ahab and Ahaziah - i.e., in the ninth century B.C. - and having been succeeded by Elisha (Al-Yasa in Arabic). The above stress on his, too, having been "one of the message-bearers" (min al-mursalin) recalls the Quranic principle that God makes "no distinction between any of His apostles" (cf. 2:136 and 285, 3:84, 4:152, and the corresponding notes).
Elias37:123 Elias was one of the messengers.,
37:123 Elias (Elijah) was one of Our Messengers. [6:85]
37:124 Ith qala liqawmihi alatattaqoona
37:124 When he said to his people: "Would you not be righteous?"
37:124 When he said to his people: "Would you not be righteous?"
37:124 when he spoke [thus] to his people: Will you not remain conscious of God?
37:124 He said to his people, "Would you not work righteousness?,
37:124 When he said to his people, “Will you not seek to live upright?
37:125 اتدعون بعلا وتذرون احسن الخلقين
37:125 AtadAAoona baAAlan watatharoona ahsanaalkhaliqeena
37:125 "Would you call on Baal and forsake the best Creator?"
37:125 "Would you call on Ba'al and forsake the best Creator?"
37:125 Will you invoke Baal and forsake [God,] the best of artisans -49
Note 49
As regards this rendering of ahsan al-khaliqin, see surah 23 note 6. The term bal (conventionally spelt Baal in European languages) signified "lord" or "master" in all branches of ancient Arabic, including Hebrew and Phoenician; it was an honorific applied to every one of the many 'male" deities worshipped by the ancient Semites, especially in Syria and Palestine. In the Old Testament this designation has sometimes the generic connotation of "idol-worship" - a sin into which, according to the Bible, the early Israelites often relapsed.
37:125 "Do you worship a statue, instead of the Supreme Creator?,
37:125 You call upon Ba’l, and disregard the Best of creators,
37:126 الله ربكم ورب ءابائكم الاولين
37:126 Allaha rabbakum warabba aba-ikumual-awwaleena
37:126 "God is your Lord, and the Lord of your fathers of old!"
37:126 "God is your Lord, and the Lord of your fathers of old!"
37:126 God, your Sustainer and the Sustainer of your forebears of old?"
37:126 "GOD; your Lord, and the Lord of your forefathers!",
37:126 God! Your Lord, and Lord of your forefathers.”15
Note 15
Ba’lis the term used in the Qur’an for husband. During the times of Prophet Elijah the Tishbite 9th century BC, the Israelites had come to worship a god of masculinity, which was hand crafted to resemble the Lingum, the male organ, of the Hindu Mythology. King Ahab and his wife Jezebel had huge temples built for the worship of and sacrifices to Ba’l, and a dominant faction among the Israelites had disregarded the strict Monotheism of the Torah in favor of Ba’l
37:127 Fakaththaboohu fa-innahum lamuhdaroona
37:127 But they denied him. Thus they were called to account.
37:127 But they denied him. Thus they were called to account.
37:127 But they gave him the lie: and therefore they will most surely be arraigned [on Judgment Day],
37:127 They disbelieved him. Consequently, they had to be called to account.,
37:127 But they denied him. And they will certainly be arraigned to give account.
37:128 Illa AAibada Allahialmukhlaseena
37:128 Except for God's devoted servants.
37:128 Except for the devoted servants of God.
37:128 excepting only [those who were] God's true servants;
37:128 Only GOD's servants who are absolutely devoted to Him alone (are saved).,
37:128 But the sincere servants of God (shall be saved).
37:129 وتركنا عليه فى الءاخرين
37:129 Watarakna AAalayhi fee al-akhireena
37:129 We kept his history for those who came later.
37:129 And We kept his history for those who came later.
37:129 and him We left thus to be remembered among later generations:
37:129 We preserved his history for subsequent generations.,
37:129 And we left for him remembrance among the later generations.
37:130 Salamun AAala il yaseena
37:130 Peace be upon the family of Elias.
37:130 Peace be upon the family of Elias.
37:130 Peace be upon Elijah and his followers!"50
Note 50
The form Il-Yasin in which this name appears in the above verse is either a variant of Ilyas (Elijah) or, more probably, a plural - "the Elijahs" - meaning "Elijah and his followers" (Tabari, Zamakhshari, et al.). According to Tabari, Abd Allah ibn Mas'ud used to read this verse as "Peace be upon Idrasin", which, apart from giving us a variant or a plural of Idris (" Idris and his followers"), lends support to the view that Idris and Ilyas are but two designations of one and the same person, the Biblical Elijah. (See also note 41 on 19:56.)
37:130 Peace be upon Elias, and all those like Elias.,
37:130 Peace and salutation to Elijah!
37:131 Inna kathalika najzee almuhsineena
37:131 We thus reward the righteous.
37:131 We thus reward the righteous.
37:131 Verily, thus do We reward the doers of good
37:131 We thus reward the righteous.,
37:131 Surely, this is how we reward the benefactors of humanity.
37:132 Innahu min AAibadinaalmu/mineena
37:132 He was one of our acknowledging servants.
37:132 He was one of our believing servants.
37:132 for he was truly one of Our believing servants!
37:132 He was one of our believing servants.,
37:132 He was one of Our believing servants.
37:133 Wa-inna lootan lamina almursaleena
Lot37:133 And Lot was one of the messengers.
37:133 And Lot was one of the messengers.
37:133 AND, BEHOLD, Lot was indeed one of Our message-bearers;
Lot37:133 Lot was one of the messengers.,
37:133 And Lot was among the Messengers.
37:134 Ith najjaynahu waahlahuajmaAAeena
37:134 When We saved him and all his family.
37:134 When We saved him and all his family.
37:134 [and so,] when [We decreed the doom of his sinful town,]51 We saved him and his household,
37:134 We saved him and all his family.,
37:134 When We saved him and his household, everyone,
37:135 Illa AAajoozan fee alghabireena
37:135 Except an old woman who remained.
37:135 Except an old woman who remained.
37:135 except an old woman who was among those that stayed behind;52
37:135 Only the old woman was doomed.,
37:135 Except an old woman who was among those who stayed behind in belief.
37:136 Thumma dammarna al-akhareena
37:136 Then, We destroyed the rest.
37:136 Then, We destroyed the rest.
37:136 and then We utterly destroyed the others:
37:136 We annihilated all the others.,
37:136 Then We destroyed the rest.
37:137 وانكم لتمرون عليهم مصبحين
37:137 Wa-innakum latamurroona AAalayhim musbiheena
37:137 You pass by their ruins in the morning;
37:137 And you pass by them in the morning;
37:137 and, verily, [to this day] you pass by the remnants of their dwellings at morning-time
37:137 You still pass by their ruins by day.,
37:137 You pass by their sites by day.
37:138 Wabiallayli afala taAAqiloona
37:138 In the night. Do you not understand?
37:138 And in the night. Do you not comprehend?
37:138 and by night.53 Will you not, then, use your reason?
Note 53
Lit., "you pass by them", i.e., by the places where they lived (see 15:76 and the corresponding note 55).
37:138 And by night. Would you understand?,
37:138 And by night. Will you not, then, use your sense (to draw lessons)?
37:139 Wa-inna yoonusa lamina almursaleena
Jonah and the Fish37:139 And Jonah was one of the messengers.
37:139 And Jonah was one of the messengers.
37:139 AND, BEHOLD, Jonah was indeed one of Our message-bearers
Jonah37:139 Jonah was one of the messengers.,
37:139 Jonah was among the Messengers.
37:140 اذ ابق الى الفلك المشحون
37:140 Ith abaqa ila alfulki almashhooni
37:140 When he escaped to the charged ship.
37:140 When he escaped to the charged ship.
37:140 when he fled like a runaway slave onto a laden ship.54
Note 54
I.e., when he abandoned the mission with which he had been entrusted by God (see surah 21 note 83, which gives the first part of Jonah's story), and thus, in the words of the Bible (The Book of Jonah i, 3 and 10), committed the sin of "fleeing from the presence of the Lord". In its primary significance, the infinitive noun ibaq (derived from the verb abaqa) denotes "a slave's running - away from his master"; and Jonah is spoken of as having "fled like a runaway slave" because - although he was God's message-bearer - he abandoned his task under the stress of violent anger. The subsequent mention of "the laden ship" alludes to the central, allegorical part of Jonah's story. The ship ran into a storm and was about to founder; and the mariners "said everyone to his fellow, Come and let us cast lots, that we may know for whose cause this evil is upon us" (The Book of Jonah i, 7) - a procedure to which Jonah agreed.
37:140 He escaped to the loaded ship.,
37:140 When he fled like a runaway slave onto a laden ship.16
37:141 Fasahama fakana mina almudhadeena
37:141 He was guilty, so he became among the losers.
37:141 And he was guilty, so he became among the losers.
37:141 And then they cast lots, and he was the one who lost;55
Note 55
Lit., "he cast lots [with the mariners], and was among the losers". According to the Biblical account (The Book of Jonah i, 10 - 15), Jonah told them that he had "fled from the presence of the Lord", and that it was because of this sin of his that they all were now in danger of drowning. "And he said unto them, Take me up, and cast me forth into the sea; so shall the sea be calm unto you: for I know that for my sake this tempest is upon you .... So they took up Jonah, and cast him forth into the sea: and the sea ceased from her raging."
37:141 He rebelled and thus, he joined the losers.,
37:141 He had cast an arrow and missed the mark.17
Note 17
This indicates untimely action. Here, most translations are influenced by Biblical and other accounts. It is stated that the boat was overloaded and in order to save it, one man had to be cast into the sea. When the lots were thrown, it was Jonah who lost. But Prophets do not participate in lots, a form of gambling
37:142 Failtaqamahu alhootu wahuwamuleemun
37:142 Thus a whale swallowed him, and he was the one to blame.
37:142 Thus a whale swallowed him, and he was the one to blame.
37:142 [and they cast him into the sea,] whereupon the great fish swallowed him, for he had been blameworthy.56
Note 56
In all the three instances where Jonah's "great fish" is explicitly mentioned in the Qur'an (as al-hut in the above verse and in 68:48, and an-nun in 21:87), it carries the definite article al. This may possibly be due to the fact that the legend of Jonah was and is so widely known that every reference to the allegory of "the great fish" is presumed to be self-explanatory. The inside of the fish that "swallowed" Jonah apparently symbolizes the deep darkness of spiritual distress of which 21:87 speaks: the distress at having "fled like a runaway slave" from his prophetic mission and, thus, "from the presence of the Lord". Parenthetically, the story is meant to show that, since "man has been created weak" (4:28), even prophets are not immune against all the failings inherent in human nature.
37:142 Consequently, the fish swallowed him, and he was the one to blame.,
37:142 Then the fish grabbed him while he was blaming himself.18
Note 18
Again, usually a blue whale is mentioned in the legend. But the whale is a mammal and not a fish, and the Qur’an which is never inaccurate, speaks of ‘Al-Hut’ = The Fish. ‘Fa-altaqamahu’ = Grabbed him in its teeth, not ‘swallowed’. Another interesting fact is that the blue whale only feeds on the tiniest plant particles, the planktons. Her throat has been designed so narrow that it cannot swallow even a chicken. The myth of Jonah staying 40 days in the belly of a whale is thus demolished
37:143 فلولا انه كان من المسبحين
37:143 Falawla annahu kana minaalmusabbiheena
37:143 Had it not been that he was one of those who implored,
37:143 And had it not been that he was one of those who implored,
37:143 And had he not been of those who [even in the deep darkness of their distress are able to] extol God's limitless glory,57
Note 57
I.e., to remember God and to repent: see 21:87, which reveals in its very formulation the universal purport of Jonah's story.
37:143 If it were not that he resorted to meditation (on God),,
37:143 And had he not been a valiant swimmer,
37:144 للبث فى بطنه الى يوم يبعثون
37:144 Lalabitha fee batnihi ilayawmi yubAAathoona
37:144 He would have stayed in its belly until the day of resurrection.
37:144 He would have stayed in its belly until the Day of Resurrection.
37:144 he would indeed have remained in its belly till the Day when all shall be raised from the dead:
37:144 he would have stayed in its belly until the Day of Resurrection.,
37:144 (The fish would have eaten him up and) he would have remained in her belly disintegrated there and further until the Day of Rising.
37:145 فنبذنه بالعراء وهو سقيم
37:145 Fanabathnahu bialAAara-iwahuwa saqeemun
37:145 So We threw him on the shore while he was sick.
37:145 So We threw him on the shore while he was sick.
37:145 but We caused him to be cast forth on a desert shore, sick [at heart] as he was,
37:145 We had him thrown up into the desert, exhausted.,
37:145 (He freed himself and swam to safety). Then We cast him on the shore, while he was exhausted. [68:49]
37:146 وانبتنا عليه شجرة من يقطين
37:146 Waanbatna AAalayhi shajaratan minyaqteenin
37:146 We caused seaweed to grow on him.
37:146 And We caused a tree of gourd to grow on him.
37:146 and caused a creeping plant to grow over him [out of the barren soil].58
Note 58
I.e., to shade and comfort him. Thus, rounding off the allegory of Jonah and the fish, the Qur'an points out in the figurative manner so characteristic of its style that God, who can cause a plant to grow out of the most arid and barren soil, can equally well cause a heart lost in darkness to come back to light and spiritual life.
37:146 We had a tree of edible fruit grown for him.,
37:146 We made him rest under a well-grown fruity tree.
37:147 وارسلنه الى مائة الف او يزيدون
37:147 Waarsalnahu ila mi-ati alfinaw yazeedoona
37:147 We sent him to a hundred thousand, or more.
37:147 And We sent him to a hundred thousand, or more.
37:147 And [then] We sent him [once again] to [his people,] a hundred thousand [souls] or more:
37:147 Then we sent him to a hundred thousand, or more.,5
Note 5
The Quran mentions 30 numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 19, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 99, 100, 200, 300, 1000, 2000, 3000,5000, 50000, and 100000. The sum of these numbers is 162146, or 19x8534( see Appendix 1).
37:147 And We sent him back to his people, a hundred thousand, even more.
37:148 Faamanoo famattaAAnahum ilaheenin
37:148 They acknowledged, so We gave them enjoyment for a time.
37:148 And they believed, so We gave them enjoyment for a time.
37:148 and [this time] they believed [in him]59 and so We allowed them to enjoy their life during the time allotted to them?60
Note 59
Cf. the reference to the people of Jonah in 10:98. For the Biblical version of this story, see The Book of Jonah iii.
Note 60
Lit., "for a time": i.e., for the duration of their natural lives (Razi also Manar XI, 483).
37:148 They did believe, and we let them enjoy this life.,
37:148 And this time they believed in him and so We let them enjoy this life (for a time).
37:149 فاستفتهم الربك البنات ولهم البنون
37:149 Faistaftihim alirabbika albanatuwalahumu albanoona
The Questions37:149 So ask them: "Are the daughters for your Lord, while the sons are for them?"
37:149 So ask them: "Are the daughters for your Lord, while the sons are for them?"
37:149 AND NOW ask them to enlighten thee:61 Has thy Sustainer daughters, whereas they would have [only] sons?62
Note 61
This reference to people who ascribe divinity to beings other than God connects with verse 4 ("verily, most surely, your God is One") as well as with verses 69 - 70 ("behold, they found their forebears on a wrong way, and [now] they make haste to follow in their footsteps").
37:149 Ask them if your Lord have daughters, while they have sons!,
37:149 (O Prophet) now ask them if your Lord has daughters whereas they have sons.19
Note 19
Jonah’s people embraced the true belief but - Do they wish to live with Biblical dogmas, such as that Jonah lived in the belly of a fish for forty days. And that your Lord supposedly has offspring?
37:150 ام خلقنا الملئكة انثا وهم شهدون
37:150 Am khalaqna almala-ikata inathanwahum shahidoona
37:150 Or did We create the controllers as females while they witnessed?
37:150 Or did We create the angels as females while they witnessed?
37:150 - or is it that We have created the angels female, and they [who believe them to be divine] have witnessed [that act of creation]?
37:150 Did we create the angels to be females? Did they witness that?,
37:150 Or is it that We have created angels female and they witnessed it?
37:151 الا انهم من افكهم ليقولون
37:151 Ala innahum min ifkihim layaqooloona
37:151 Indeed, it is out of their falsehood that they say,
37:151 Indeed, it is out of their falsehood that they say:
37:151 Oh, verily, it is out of their own [inclination to] falsehood that some people63 assert,
Note 63
Lit., "they".
37:151 Indeed, they grossly blaspheme when they say -,
37:151 Attention! It is out of their own invention that they say,
37:152 Walada Allahu wa-innahum lakathiboona
37:152 "The son of God." They are liars.
37:152 "The son of God." And they are liars.
37:152 God has begotten [a son]"; and, verily, they are lying [too, when they say],
37:152 "GOD has begotten a son." Indeed, they are liars.,
37:152 “That God has begotten.” And they tell a lie too,
37:153 اصطفى البنات على البنين
37:153 Astafa albanati AAalaalbaneena
37:153 Has He chosen the daughters over the sons?
37:153 Has He chosen the daughters over the sons?
37:153 He has chosen daughters in preference to sons"!64
37:153 Did He choose the girls over the boys?,
37:153 When they say, “He has chosen daughters over sons.”
37:154 Ma lakum kayfa tahkumoona
37:154 What is wrong with you, how do you judge?
37:154 What is wrong with you, how do you judge?
37:154 What is amiss with you and your judgment?65
Note 65
Lit., "how do you judge?"
37:154 What is wrong with your logic?,
37:154 What is amiss with you? How do you judge?
37:155 Afala tathakkaroona
37:155 Will you not remember?
37:155 Will you not remember?
37:155 Will you not, then, bethink yourselves?
Addressing the Disbelievers37:155 Why do you not take heed?,
37:155 Will you not then reflect?
37:156 Am lakum sultanun mubeenun
37:156 Or do you have a clear proof?
37:156 Or do you have a clear proof?
37:156 Or have you, perchance, a clear evidence [for your assertions]?
37:156 Do you have any proof?,
37:156 Or do you have a clear authoritative evidence?
37:157 فاتوا بكتبكم ان كنتم صدقين
37:157 Fa/too bikitabikum in kuntum sadiqeena
37:157 Bring forth your book, if you are truthful.
37:157 Bring forth your book, if you are truthful.
37:157 Produce, then, that divine writ of yours, if you are speaking the truth!
37:157 Show us your book, if you are truthful.,
37:157 Then bring your Divine authority if you are truthful.
37:158 وجعلوا بينه وبين الجنة نسبا ولقد علمت الجنة انهم لمحضرون
37:158 WajaAAaloo baynahu wabayna aljinnatinasaban walaqad AAalimati aljinnatu innahum lamuhdaroona
37:158 They invented a kinship between Him and the Jinn. But the Jinn know that they will be gathered.
37:158 And they invented a kinship between Him and the Jinn. But the Jinn know that they will be gathered.
37:158 And some people66 have invented a kinship between Him and all manner of invisible forces67 although [even] these invisible forces know well that, verily, they [who thus blaspheme against God] shall indeed be arraigned [before Him on Judgment Day: for]68
Note 66
Lit., "they".
Note 67
See Appendix III. Whereas most of the classical commentators are of the opinion that the term al-jinnah denotes here the angels, since they - like all beings of this category - are imperceptible to man's senses, I believe that the above verse refers to those intangible forces of nature which elude all direct observation and manifest themselves only in their effects: hence their designation, in this context, by the plural noun al-jinnah, which primarily denotes "that which is concealed from [man's] senses". Inasmuch as people who refuse to believe in God often tend to regard those elemental forces as mysteriously endowed with a purposeful creative power (cf. Bergson's concept of the elan vital), the Qur'an states that their votaries invent a "kinship" between them and God, i.e., attribute to them qualities and powers similar to His.
Note 68
For this metaphorical attribution of "knowledge" to the elemental forces of nature, see verses 164-166 and the corresponding note 71.
37:158 They even invented a special relationship between Him and the jinns. The jinns themselves know that they are subservient.,
37:158 And they imagine relationship between the unseen forces and their Lord. But the unseen forces know their assignments and constantly remain in His servitude.
37:159 Subhana Allahi AAammayasifoona
37:159 God be glorified from what they describe.
37:159 God be glorified from what they describe.
37:159 limitless is God in His glory, above anything that men may devise by way of definition!69
37:159 GOD be glorified; far above their claims.,
37:159 Glorified is God from what they attribute to Him.
37:160 Illa AAibada Allahialmukhlaseena
37:160 Except for God's servants who are dedicated.
37:160 Except for the servants of God who are faithful.
37:160 Not thus, however, [behave] God's true servants:
37:160 Only GOD's servants who are devoted to Him alone (are saved).,
37:160 But the sincere servants of God (refrain from Shirk).20
Note 20
‘Shirk’ = Associating others with God = Ascribing partners to Him = Accepting authorities parallel to Divine revelation = Idol worship in any form = Obeying clergy instead of the Qur’an
37:161 Fa-innakum wama taAAbudoona
37:161 As for you and what you serve.
37:161 "As for you and what you worship."
37:161 for, verily, neither you [blasphemers] nor the objects of your worship
37:161 Indeed, you and what you worship.,
37:161 Surely, neither you nor what you worship,
37:162 Ma antum AAalayhi bifatineena
37:162 You cannot lead away from Him.
37:162 "You cannot lead away from Him."
37:162 can cause anyone to fall prey to your temptation
37:162 Cannot impose anything on Him.,
37:162 Can tempt the sincere servants against Him.
37:163 Illa man huwa sali aljaheemi
37:163 Except those who are destined to hell.
37:163 "Except those who are destined to Hell."
37:163 unless it be such as rushes towards the blazing fire [of his own accord]!70
Note 70
True belief in God precludes all temptation to define Him who is indefinable, or to associate, conceptually, anyone or anything with Him; conversely, the blasphemy inherent in such attempts destroys the potential value of one's belief in God and, thus, brings about the spiritual ruin of the person concerned.
37:163 Only you will burn in Hell.,
37:163 Only the one who rushes to the Blazing fire.
37:164 وما منا الا له مقام معلوم
37:164 Wama minna illa lahumaqamun maAAloomun
37:164 Every one of us has a destined place.
37:164 "Every one of us has a destined station."
37:164 [All forces of nature praise God and say:]71 Among us, too, there is none but has a place assigned to it [by Him];
Note 71
The metaphorical "saying" that follows is in tune with many other Quranic passages which speak of even inanimate objects as "praising God", e.g., "The seven heavens extol His limitless glory, and the earth, and all that they contain" (17:44), or "We caused the mountains to join David in extolling Our glory" (21:79), or "O you mountains! Sing with him the praise of God!" (34:10); similarly, even the shadows of material things are spoken of as "prostrating themselves before God" (16:48).
The Angels37:164 Each one of us has a specific job.,
37:164 The sincere servants say, “Each one of us has an assignment.
37:165 Wa-inna lanahnu alssaffoona
37:165 We are the ones who are in columns.
37:165 "And we are the ones who are in columns."
37:165 and, verily, we too are ranged [before Him in worship];
37:165 We are the arrangers.,
37:165 We are soldiers in ranks.
37:166 Wa-inna lanahnu almusabbihoona
37:166 We are the ones that glorify.
37:166 "And we are the ones that glorify."
37:166 and, verily, we too extol His limitless glory!"
37:166 We have duly glorified (our Lord).,
37:166 And we are the ones who strive to establish His glory on earth.21
Note 21
Sabh = Swim with long strides. It is not the rolling of rosary-beads or uttering some ‘sacred’ words
37:167 Wa-in kanoo layaqooloona
37:167 They used to say,
37:167 And they used to say:
37:167 AND, INDEED, they [who deny the truth] have always been wont to say,
Following The Parents Blindly37:167 They used to say,,
37:167 The disbelievers used to say,
37:168 لو ان عندنا ذكرا من الاولين
37:168 Law anna AAindana thikranmina al-awwaleena
37:168 "If only we had received a reminder from the previous generations,"
37:168 "If only we had received a reminder from the previous generations,"
37:168 If only we had a tradition [to this effect] from our forebears,72
Note 72
Lit., "a reminder (dhikr) from those of old": see note 72 on verses 69-70 above. Most of the commentators assume that the term dhikr connotes here, as so often in the Qur'an, a "divine writ". In my opinion, however, it is far more probable - because more in tune with the context - that in this case it signifies an ancestral tradition bearing on the (to them astonishing) message of God's oneness and uniqueness as promulgated by the Qur'an.
37:168 "Had we received the correct instructions from our parents,,
37:168 “If we only had before us a message from the old generations,
37:169 لكنا عباد الله المخلصين
37:169 Lakunna AAibada Allahialmukhlaseena
37:169 "We would have surely been God's loyal servants."
37:169 "We would have surely been loyal servants of God."
37:169 we would certainly be true servants of God."
37:169 "we would have been worshipers; devoted to GOD alone.",
37:169 We would certainly have been sincere servants of God.”
37:170 Fakafaroo bihi fasawfa yaAAlamoona
37:170 But they rejected it. They will come to know.
37:170 But they rejected it. They will come to know.
37:170 And yet, [now that this divine writ has been placed before them,] they refuse to acknowledge it as true! In time, however, they will come to know [what it was that they had rejected]:
37:170 But they disbelieved, and they will surely find out.,
37:170 But now (that the Qur’an has come) they are rejecting it. Soon they will come to know (what they denied).
37:171 ولقد سبقت كلمتنا لعبادنا المرسلين
37:171 Walaqad sabaqat kalimatuna liAAibadinaalmursaleena
37:171 Our word had been decreed to Our servants who were sent.
37:171 Our word had been decreed to Our servants who were sent.
37:171 for, long ago has Our word gone forth unto Our servants, the message- bearers,
Victory for the Messengers Guaranteed37:171 Our decision is already decreed for our servants the messengers.,
37:171 Our Word has already gone forth to Our servant Messengers,
37:172 Innahum lahumu almansooroona
37:172 That they would be made victorious.
37:172 That they would be made victorious.
37:172 that, verily, they - they indeed - would be succoured,
37:172 They are surely the victors.,
37:172 That they would be helped.
37:173 Wa-inna jundana lahumu alghaliboona
37:173 That Our soldiers are the winners.
37:173 And that Our soldiers are the winners.
37:173 and that, verily, Our hosts - they indeed - would [in the end] be victorious!
37:173 Our soldiers are the winners.,
37:173 And that Our army, they will be the victors.
37:174 Fatawalla AAanhum hatta heenin
37:174 So turn away from them for awhile.
37:174 So turn away from them for awhile.
37:174 Hence, turn thou aside for a while from those [who deny the truth],
37:174 So disregard them for awhile.,
37:174 So (O Prophet) turn away from the disbelievers for a while.
37:175 Waabsirhum fasawfa yubsiroona
37:175 Observe them; for they will see.
37:175 And observe them; for they will see.
37:175 and see them [for what they are];73 and in time they [too] will come to see [what they do not see now].74
Note 73
I.e., as people who are bent on deceiving themselves. In this context, the verb basura (lit., "he saw" or "became seeing") is used tropically, in the sense of "seeing mentally" or "gaining insight".
Note 74
I.e., they will realize the truth as well as the suffering which its rejection entails: obviously a reference to the Day of Judgment.
37:175 Watch them; they too will watch.,
37:175 And see them for what they do, and soon they will see what they now do not.
37:176 AfabiAAathabina yastaAAjiloona
37:176 Do they seek to hasten Our retribution?
37:176 Do they seek to hasten Our retribution?
37:176 Do they, then, [really] wish that Our chastisement be hastened on?75
Note 75
This is an allusion to the sarcastic demand of the people who refused to regard the Qur'an as a divine revelation, to be punished forthwith "if this be indeed the truth from God" (see 8:32 and the corresponding note 32).
37:176 Do they challenge our retribution?,
37:176 Do they really wish to hasten Our retribution?
37:177 فاذا نزل بساحتهم فساء صباح المنذرين
37:177 Fa-itha nazala bisahatihimfasaa sabahu almunthareena
37:177 Then, when it descends into their courtyard, evil will be the morning, for they have already been warned.
37:177 When it comes down to their courtyard, dire will be the morning for those who have been warned.
37:177 But then, once it alights upon them, hapless will be the awakening of those who were warned [to no avail]!76
Note 76
Lit., "when it alights in their courtyard, evil [or "hapless"] is the morning of those ", etc. In ancient Arabic usage, the idiomatic phrase "chastisement [or "suffering"] has alighted (nazala) in so-and-so's courtyard" denotes its coming-down upon, or befalling, the person or persons concerned (Tabari). Similarly, the "morning" (sabah) is a metonym for "awakening".
37:177 When it hits them one day, it will be a miserable day; they have been sufficiently warned.,
37:177 But when it comes upon their front-yards, it will be a dreadful awakening for those who have been sufficiently warned.
37:178 Watawalla AAanhum hatta heenin
37:178 Turn away from them for awhile.
37:178 And turn away from them for awhile.
37:178 Hence, turn thou aside for a while from them,
37:178 Disregard them for awhile.,
37:178 So, turn aside from them for a while.
37:179 Waabsir fasawfa yubsiroona
37:179 Observe; for they will see.
37:179 And observe; for they will see.
37:179 and see [them for what they are]; and n time they [too] will come to see [what they do not see now].
37:179 Watch them; they too will watch.,
37:179 And see them for what they do, and soon they will see what they do not see now.
37:180 سبحن ربك رب العزة عما يصفون
37:180 Subhana rabbika rabbi alAAizzatiAAamma yasifoona
37:180 Glory be to your Lord, the Lord of greatness, for what they have described.
37:180 Glory be to your Lord, the Lord of greatness, for what they have described.
37:180 LIMITLESS in His glory is thy Sustainer, the Lord of almightiness, [exalted] above anything that men may devise by way of definition!
37:180 Glory be to your Lord, the great Lord; far above their claims.,
37:180 Glory to your Lord, the Lord of Honor, He is free from what they ascribe to Him.
37:181 Wasalamun AAala almursaleena
37:181 Peace be upon the messengers.
37:181 And peace be upon the messengers.
37:181 And peace be upon all His message-bearers!
37:181 Peace be upon the messengers.,
37:181 And salutations to all the message-bearers!
37:182 Waalhamdu lillahirabbi alAAalameena
37:182 Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds.
37:182 And praise be to God, Lord of the worlds.
37:182 And all praise is due to God alone, the Sustainer of all the worlds!
37:182 Praise be to GOD, Lord of the universe.,
37:182 And all praise is due to God, the Lord of the Worlds!