بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Bismi Allahi alrrahmani alrraheemi
In the name of God, the Gracious, the Compassionate.
In the name of God, the Almighty, the Merciful.
In the name of God, The Most Gracious, The Dispenser of Grace:
In the name of GOD, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. ,
All praise is due to God, the Lord/Cherisher/Sustainer of the Universe and everything therein.
Bismillâhir rahmânir rahîm.
Rahman, Rahim Allah'ın ismiyle
Rahman ve Rahim Allah'ın adıyla...
RAHMÂN, RAHÎM ALLAH ADINA
Rahman ve Rahim olan Allah'ın adıyla
89:1 والفجر
89:1 Waalfajri
89:1 By the dawn.
89:1 By the dawn.
89:1 CONSIDER the daybreak
89:1 By the dawn.,
89:1 Witness is the Daybreak.1
Note 1
This is the 89th Surah of the Qur’an and it has 30 Short verses. The Qur’an brings Dawn to the Night of Ignorance.
Any society that is oblivious to the welfare of the deprived, will inevitably fail to flourish. Material advancement of a nation is no guarantee of its durability.
verses 1, 2 and 3 of this Surah are often grossly misinterpreted for failing to look at the Qur’an in its Big Picture.
With the Glorious Name of God, the Instant and Sustaining Source of all Mercy and Kindness
As it shines through the deep darkness of the night. So does the Qur’an bring light through the Darkness of Ignorance
89:2 Walayalin AAashrin
89:2 And ten nights.
89:2 and the ten nights!1
Note 1
The "daybreak" (fajr) apparently symbolizes man's spiritual awakening; hence, the "ten nights" is an allusion to the last third of the month of Ramadan, in the year 13 before the hijrah, during which Muhammad received his first revelation (see introductory note to surah 96) and was thus enabled to contribute to mankind's spiritual awakening.
89:2 And the ten nights.1 ,
89:2 And ten Nights.2
Note 2
Believers have noticed the benevolent transformation the Pilgrimage has undergone. From the first to the tenth of the month of Zilhijjah, they used to indulge in all kind of obscenity. They had departed from the way of Abraham, with Hajj consisting of whistling, clapping, circumambulating the Ka'bah in complete nudity. The sublime purpose of the Pilgrimage had been reduced to senseless rituals and abomination 2:125, 2:197
89:3 WaalshshafAAi waalwatri
89:3 The even and the odd.
89:3 And the even and the odd.
89:3 Consider the multiple and the One!2
Note 2
Lit., "the even and the odd" or "the one": i.e., the multiplicity of creation as contrasted with the oneness and uniqueness of the Creator (Baghawi, on the authority of Sa'id ibn al-Khudri, as well as Tabari in one of his alternative interpretations of the above phrase). The concept of the "even number" implies the existence of more than one of the same kind: in other words, it signifies every thing that has a counterpart or counterparts and, hence, a definite relationship with other things (cf. the term azwaj in 36:36, referring to the polarity evident in all creation), As against this, the term al-watr - or, in the more common (Najdi) spelling, al-witr - primarily denotes "that which is single" or "one" and is, hence, one of the designations given to God - since "there is nothing that could be compared with Him" (112:4) and "nothing like unto Him" (42:11).
89:3 By the even and the odd.2 ,
Note 2
See Appendix 1 for the role of the even numbersand the odd numbers.
89:3 And the Even and the Odd.3
Note 3
Recall your gambling in those ten nights with the even and odd numbers of arrows and the related numeric superstitions in the society
89:4 Waallayli itha yasri
89:4 The night when it passes.
89:4 And the night when it passes.
89:4 Consider the night as it runs its course!3
Note 3
An allusion to the night of spiritual darkness which is bound to "run its course" - i.e., to disappear - as soon as man becomes truly conscious of God.
89:4 By the night as it passes.,
89:4 And Witness to the truth is the departing of the Night of Ignorance.
89:5 Hal fee thalika qasamun lithee hijrin
89:5 In this is an oath for the one with intelligence.
89:5 Is there in that an oath for he who is confined?
89:5 Considering all this - could there be, to anyone endowed with reason, a [more] solemn evidence of the truth?4
Note 4
Lit., "a [more] solemn affirmation" (qasam): i.e., a convincing evidence of the existence and oneness of God.
89:5 A profound oath, for one who possesses intelligence.,
89:5 Is not all this a solemn evidence for every thinking person?
89:6 Alam tara kayfa faAAala rabbuka biAAadin
89:6 Did you not see what your Lord did to Aad?
89:6 Did you not see what your Lord did to 'Aad?
89:6 ART THOU NOT aware of how thy Sustainer has dealt with [the tribe of] 'Ad,5
89:6 Have you noted what your Lord did to `Aad?,
89:6 Have you noted how your Lord dealt with ‘Aad?4
Note 4
They had refused to listen to their Prophets on equitable treatment with the poor and violated human rights. 7:65
89:7 Irama thati alAAimadi
89:7 Iram, with the great columns?2
Note 2
The rock towers of Iram was discovered 4800 years after the destruction and disappearance of the city of Iram in Umman. The Challenger spaceship equipped with SIR-B radars that could see under the sand made this discovery possible in 1992.
89:7 Irum, with the great columns?
89:7 [the people of] Iram the many-pillared,
89:7 Erum; the town with tall buildings.,
89:7 Those whose capital was Iram, the city of towers and lofty mansions.5
Note 5
Iram were the generation of Iram son of Sam son of Noah. The capital of the tribe of ‘Aad bears the same name, Iram, and now lies buried in Al-Ahqaf, the Sand-dunes of Southern Arabia. 46:21
89:8 التى لم يخلق مثلها فى البلد
89:8 Allatee lam yukhlaq mithluha fee albiladi
89:8 The one which was like no other in the land?
89:8 The one which was like no other in the land?
89:8 the like of whom has never been reared in all the land?
89:8 There was nothing like it anywhere.,
89:8 The like of which (the towers and castles) were never built in other cities. [26:128-134]
89:9 وثمود الذين جابوا الصخر بالواد
89:9 Wathamooda allatheena jaboo alssakhrabialwadi
89:9 Thamud who carved the rocks in the valley?
89:9 And Thamud who carved the rocks in the valley?
89:9 and with [the tribe of] Thamud,6 who hollowed out rocks in the valley?
Note 6
See surah 7, notes 56 and 59. The "valley" referred to in the sequence is the Wadi 'l-Qura, situated north of Medina on the ancient caravan route from South Arabia to Syria.
89:9 Also Thamoud, who carved the rocks in their valley.,
89:9 And with Thamud, who carved out rocks for dwellings in the valley.6
89:10 WafirAAawna thee al-awtadi
89:10 And Pharaoh with the pyramids?
89:10 And Pharaoh with the planks?
89:10 and with Pharaoh of the [many] tent-poles?7
Note 7
For an explanation of this epithet, see surah 38, note 17.
89:10 And Pharaoh who possessed might.,
89:10 And with Pharaoh, lord of the pyramids.7
89:11 Allatheena taghaw fee albiladi
89:11 They all transgressed in the land.
89:11 They all transgressed in the land.
89:11 [It was they] who transgressed all bounds of equity all over their lands,
89:11 They all transgressed in the land.,
89:12 Faaktharoo feeha alfasada
89:12 Made much corruption therein.
89:12 And made much corruption therein.
89:12 and brought about great corruption therein:
89:12 They spread evil throughout.,
89:12 And increased corruption and crime therein.
89:13 Fasabba AAalayhim rabbuka sawtaAAathabin
89:13 So your Lord poured upon them a measure of retribution.3
Note 3
Individual or societal violations of God's law governing nature cause many disasters. For instance, wasting energy and reckless consumerism contribute to air, water and ground pollution; social and political aggression such as dictatorship and racism contribute to civil wars, poverty and famine; accepting no boundaries in sexual conduct contribute to epidemics in sexually transmitted diseases, abandoned children, and increase in crime; disregard for the physical laws, for instance gravity, causes increase in loss of lives during earthquakes; use of alcoholic beverages, heroin, and other drugs cause many problems and disasters for both the individual and society; nonproductive industries such as gambling, fraud, and usury cause social and economic problems; not recognizing freedom of expression to individuals and groups may cause and invite many problems as well.
89:13 So your Lord poured upon them a measure of retribution.
89:13 and therefore thy Sustainer let loose upon them a scourge of suffering:
89:13 Consequently, your Lord poured upon them a whipping retribution.,
89:13 And so, your Lord chastised them with a whipping punishment.
89:14 Inna rabbaka labialmirsadi
89:14 Your Lord is ever watchful.
89:14 Your Lord is ever watchful.
89:14 for, verily, thy Sustainer is ever on the watch!
89:14 Your Lord is ever watchful.,
89:14 Indeed, your Lord is ever on the watch!
89:15 فاما الانسن اذا ما ابتلىه ربه فاكرمه ونعمه فيقول ربى اكرمن
89:15 Faamma al-insanu itha maibtalahu rabbuhu faakramahu wanaAAAAamahu fayaqoolu rabbeeakramani
89:15 As for man, if his Lord tests him and grants him much, then he says: "My Lord has blessed me!"
89:15 As for man, if his Lord tests him and grants him much, then he says: "My Lord has blessed me!"
89:15 BUT AS FOR man,8 whenever his Sustainer tries him by His generosity and by letting him enjoy a life of ease, he says, "My Sustainer has been [justly] generous towards me";9
Note 8
The above phrase, introduced by the particle fa-amma ("But as for. . "), obviously connects with the reference to the "solemn evidence of the truth" in verse 5 - implying that man does not, as a rule, bethink himself of the hereafter, being concerned only with this world and what promises to be of immediate advantage to him (Zamakhshari, Razi, Baydawi).
Note 9
I.e., he regards God's bounty as something due to him (Razi).
89:15 When the human being is tested by his Lord, through blessings and joy, he says, "My Lord is generous towards me.",
89:15 As for man, whenever his Lord lets his life take a turn by giving him honor and bliss, he says, “My Lord has honored me.”9
Note 9
Honor and disgrace are subject to Divine laws
89:16 واما اذا ما ابتلىه فقدر عليه رزقه فيقول ربى اهنن
89:16 Waamma itha ma ibtalahufaqadara AAalayhi rizqahu fayaqoolu rabbee ahanani
89:16 If his Lord tests him and gives him little wealth, then he says: "My Lord has humiliated me!"
89:16 And if his Lord tests him and gives him little wealth, then he says: "My Lord has humiliated me!"
89:16 whereas, whenever He tries him by straitening his means of livelihood, he says, "My Sustainer has disgraced me!"10
Note 10
I.e., he regards the absence or loss of affluence not as a trial, but as an evidence of divine "injustice" - which, in its turn, may lead to a denial of God's existence.
89:16 But if He tests him through reduction in provisions, he says, "My Lord is humiliating me!",
89:16 But when He lets his life take a turn by restricting his provision, he says, “My Lord has disgraced me.”
89:17 Kalla bal la tukrimoonaalyateema
89:17 No, you are not generous to the orphan.
89:17 No, you are not generous to the orphan.
89:17 But nay, nay, [O men, consider all that you do and fail to do:] you are not generous towards the orphan,
89:17 Wrong! It is you who brought it on yourselves by not regarding the orphan.,
89:17 Nay, nay, you do not honor the orphan.10
Note 10
You forget to realize your acts of commission and omission. Yateem = Orphan = Widow = Left alone in the society = Helpless. A benevolent society makes room for the ‘Yateem’
89:18 ولا تحضون على طعام المسكين
89:18 Wala tahaddoona AAala taAAamialmiskeeni
89:18 You do not look to feeding the poor.
89:18 And you do not look to feeding the poor.
89:18 and you do not urge one another to feed the needy,11
89:18 And not advocating charity towards the poor.,
89:18 And you fail to encourage one another to feed the needy (and establish a benevolent society).11
Note 11
The term used for ‘feeding’ is highly inclusive. Here it indicates failing to establish the ideal society that takes care of all individuals. Miskeen = Poor = Needy = Whose life is stranded for any reason = Whose business has stalled = Who has lost his job = Whose life has been hampered by circumstances. Ta’aam = Feeding = Food = Provision = Basic needs of life. A benevolent society takes care of the basic needs of life. None would sleep hungry therein
89:19 Wata/kuloona altturatha aklanlamman
89:19 You consume others inheritance, all with greed.
89:19 And you consume others inheritance, all with greed.
89:19 and you devour the inheritance [of others] with devouring greed,
89:19 And consuming the inheritance of helpless orphans.,
89:19 And you devour the inheritances with greed.
89:20 Watuhibboona almala hubbanjamman
89:20 You love money, a love that is excessive.
89:20 And you love money, a love that is excessive.
89:20 and you love wealth with boundless love!
89:20 And loving the money too much.,
89:20 And you love wealth with boundless love.
89:21 كلا اذا دكت الارض دكا دكا
89:21 Kalla itha dukkati al-ardudakkan dakkan
89:21 No, when the earth is pounded into rubble.
89:21 Alas, when the earth is pounded into rubble.
89:21 Nay, but [how will you fare on Judgment Day,] when the earth is crushed with crushing upon crushing,
89:21 Indeed, when the earth is crushed, utterly crushed.,
89:21 Nay, when the earth is pounded into rubble.
89:22 Wajaa rabbuka waalmalaku saffansaffan
89:22 Your Lord comes with the controllers row after row.
89:22 And your Lord comes with the angels row after row.
89:22 and [the majesty of] thy Sustainer stands revealed,12 as well as [the true nature of] the angels; rank upon rank?
Note 12
Lit., "[when] thy Sustainer comes", which almost all of the classical commentators understand as the revelation (in the abstract sense of this word) of God's transcendental majesty and the manifestation of His judgment.
89:22 And your Lord comes, together with the angels in row after row.,
89:22 And your Lord comes, and His angels, rank upon rank.12
Note 12
A great Revolution will come and the Divine System will be established. The universal forces will line up to that end
89:23 وجاىء يومئذ بجهنم يومئذ يتذكر الانسن وانى له الذكرى
89:23 Wajee-a yawma-ithin bijahannamayawma-ithin yatathakkaru al-insanu waannalahu alththikra
89:23 Hell on that day is brought. On that day the human being will remember, but how will the remembrance now help him?
89:23 And Hell on that Day is brought. On that Day man will remember, but how will the remembrance now help him?
89:23 And on that Day hell will be brought [within sight]; on that Day man will remember [all that he did and failed to do]: but what will that remembrance avail him?
89:23 On that day, Gehenna will be brought forth. On that day, the human being will remember - but what a remembrance - it will be too late.,
89:23 And Hell is brought close that Day. On that Day man will heed the Advisory, but of what avail will then be the remembrance?
89:24 Yaqoolu ya laytanee qaddamtu lihayatee
89:24 He says: "I wish I had worked towards my life!"
89:24 He says: "I wish I had worked towards my life!"
89:24 He will say, "Oh, would that I had. provided beforehand for my life [to come]!"
89:24 He will say, "Oh, I wish I prepared for my (eternal) life.",
89:24 He will say, "Ah, I wish I had sent forth some good for my life!”
89:25 فيومئذ لا يعذب عذابه احد
89:25 Fayawma-ithin la yuAAaththibuAAathabahu ahadun
89:25 On that day, no other will bear his punishment.
89:25 On that Day, no other will bear his punishment.
89:25 For, none can make suffer as He will make suffer [the sinners] on that Day,
89:25 On that day, no retribution could be worse than His retribution.,
89:25 None chastises as He will chastise on that Day.
89:26 Wala yoothiqu wathaqahu ahadun
89:26 Nor will anyone be able to free his bonds.
89:26 And none can bind as He will bind.
89:26 and none can bind with bonds like His.13
89:26 And no confinement is as effective as His confinement.,
89:26 And none binds as He binds.13
Note 13
The logical result of disregarding the Creator’s guidance is getting bound by shackles of mental slavery. 7:157
89:27 Ya ayyatuha alnnafsualmutma-innatu
89:27 "As for you, O the content person."
89:27 "O you soul which is peaceful."
89:27 [But unto the righteous God will say,] "O thou human being that hast attained to inner peace!
89:27 As for you, O content soul.,
89:28 ارجعى الى ربك راضية مرضية
89:28 IrjiAAee ila rabbiki radiyatanmardiyyatan
89:28 "Return to your Lord pleasing and pleased."
89:28 "Return to your Lord happy and content."
89:28 Return thou unto thy Sustainer, well-pleased [and] pleasing [Him]:
89:28 Return to your Lord, pleased and pleasing.,
89:28 Return to your Lord, pleased and approved.
89:29 Faodkhulee fee AAibadee
89:29 "Enter in amongst My servants."
89:29 "And enter in among My servants."
89:29 enter, then, together with My [other true] servants
89:29 Welcome into My servants.,
89:29 Enter, then, together with My servants.
89:30 Waodkhulee jannatee
89:30 "Enter My Paradise."
89:30 "And enter My Paradise."
89:30 yea, enter thou My paradise!"
89:30 Welcome into My Paradise.,
89:30 Yes, enter My Paradise! [9:119]